Broui* I . No. 231 



Price 10 cents 





;C,ifl'''''''"l!'"'''''''''-'^^'Orii:it:i:aA 



. HOWTO 

) UMPIRE 

HOW TO 

COACH 

HOW TO 

CAPTAIN 

HOW TO 

MANAGE 

HOW TO 

ORGANIZE 
A LEAGUE 

TECHNICAL 
TERMS OF 
BASE BALL /I 



American Sports Publishing Co 



^ 21 Warren street NewYorK i 

lilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!inniiiiriMiiiiiiiiirii;*iiiiiiniiiiiMiiimiiiin^^ 



ii)"'"a.„;;M 



I 




A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

MAINTAIN THEIR OWN HOUSES 
FOR DISTRIBUTING THE 

Spalding 

COMPLETE LINE OF ■ . 

Athletic Goods 

. . IN THE FOLLOWING CITIES " ' 





NEW YORK 

" 124-128 Nassau St. 
i>«B-520 Fifth Avenue 
NEWARK, N. J. 

845 Broad Street 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

1210 Chestnut Street 
BOSTON, MASS. 

141 Tederal Street 


CHICAGO 

28-30 So. Wabash Ave. 
ST. LOUIS, MO. 

415 North Seventh St. 
MILWAUKEE. ^^TS. 

379 East Water Street 
INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 

136 N. PennsxlvanU St. 
DETROIT, MICH. 

254 Woodward Ave. 


SAN FRANCISCO 

156-158 Gear>- Street 
SEATTLE, WASH. 

711 Second Avenue 
LOS ANGELES, CAL. 

435 South Spring St. 
PORTLAND, ORE, 

345 Washington Street 
SALT LAKE CITY. UTAH 
27 East 2nd South St. 


PITTSBURGH, PA. 

608 Wood Street 
BUFFALO, N. Y. 

611 Main Street 
SYRACUSE, N. Y. 

357 So. Warren Street 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
40 Clinton Ave., North 


CINCINTVATI, O. 

119 East Fifth Avenue 
CLE>"ELAND, O. 

741 Euclid Avenue 
COLUMBUS, O. 

191 South High Street 
LOUISVILLE. KY. 

328 West Jefferson St. 


DENVER, COL. 

1616 Arapahoe Street 

nnNNEAPOLIS, MDTS. 
44 Seventh St^ South 

ST. PAUL, MINN. 

386 Minnesota Street 


BALTIMORE. MD. 

110 E. Baltimore St. 
WASHINGTON, D. C. 

613 14th Street. N,W, 
ATLANTA. GA. 

74 N. Broad Street 


KANSAS CITY, MO, 

1120 Grand Avenue 
KtrW ORLEANS. LA. 

140 Carondelet Sti%et 
DALLAS, TEX, 

1503 Commerce Street 


MONTREAL, P. Q, 

443 St. James Street 
TORONTO. ONT. 

207 Yonge Street 
SYDNEY, AUSTRAIX4 
204 Clarence Street 


LONDON. ENGLAND 
317-318. 

High Holbom.W.C. 
ITo";" 78. Cheapslde, E. C. 

Wm( End BraRCk 

2 9 , Haymarket, S . W . 


LFVERPOOL 

72, Lord Street 
BIRMINGHAM, ENG. 

69, New Street 
MANCHESTER. ENG. 
4, OJiford St. and 
1, Lower Mosley St. 


PARIS. FRANCE 

35 BoDterard 4e* CapsdMt 

EDINBURGH, SCOT. 

3 South Charlotte St 

Cor. PrtDCei »t.) 

GLASGOW, SCOTLAND 
68 Buchanan Street 



CviEiaBitslieBS directed (» A. Q. SPALDIN6 i BR&S.-, a\ tM) «i t*" «^ve iddmses., will rectlve prwupt rtestttB 









f'^?>i "THE SPALDING TRADE MARK IS 

<^'-''^^y^.ri '■f{^/Xl""-^X^^ REGISTERED IN THE UNITED STATES 

i^^i Wi(^km?^^^ lmmC\]^ patent orncE. and we have also 

^ Ol>=^byA§l ^^\^y.p!^hl PROTECTED CUR INTERESTS BY 39 
' iT;-^-! ^0V°"VV^^ *^^xK""Vy/i--3 REGISTRATIONS IN FOREIGN COUN- 
••iT^ '-^-^ y^-^-^^>:::Z^^ TRIES. INFRINGERS ARE WARNED. 










iTHE'SPftLDING mm 


Constitute the Solid Foundation of the Spalding Business! 



America^sNational Game 

By A. G. SPALDING 

Price, $2.00 Net 

A book of 600 pages, profusely illustrated with over 100 
full page engravings, and having sixteen forceful cartoons 
by Homer C. Davenport, the famous American artist 



The above work should have a place in every 
public library in this country, as also in the 
libraries of public schools and private houses. 

The author of "America's National Game" 
is conceded, always, everywhere, and by every- 
body, to have the best equipment of any living 
writer to treat the subject that forms the text 
of this remarkable volume, viz., the story of 
the origin, development and evolution of Base 
Ball, the National Game of our country. 

Almost from the very inception of the game 
until the present time — as player, manager and 
magnate — Mr. Spalding has been closely iden- 
tified with its interests. Not infrequently he 
has been called upon in times of emergency 
to prevent threatened disaster. But for him 
the National Game w^ould have been syn- 
dicated and controlled by elements whose 
interests w^ere purely selfish and personal. 

The book is a veritable repository of in- 
formation concerning players, clubs and 
personalities connected wuth the game in 
its early days, and is wTitten in a most 
interesting style, interspersed with enlivening anecdotes and 
accounts of events that have not heretofore been published. 

The response on the part of the press and the public to 
Mr. Spalding's efforts to perpetuate the early history of the 
National Game has been very encouraging and he is in receipt 
of hundreds of letters and notices, a few of w^hich are here given. 

Robert Adamson, New York, writing from the office of Mayor 
Gaynor, says: — "Seeing the Giants play is my principal recreation and 
I am interested in reading everything I can find about the game. I 
especially enjoy what you [Mr. Spalding] have written, because you 
stand as the highest living authority on the game," 

Barney Dreyfuss, owner of the Pittsburg National League club: — "It 
does honor to author as well as the game. I have enjoyed reading it 
very much." 

Walter Camp, well known foot ball expert and athlete, says: — *'It 
is indeed a remarkable work and one that I have read with a great 
deal of interest." 

John B. Day, formerly -President of the New York Nationals!— 
"Your wpnderful work will outlast all of us." 




W. Irving Snyder formerly of the house of Peck & Snyder:— 'I 

have read the book from cover to cover with great interest." 

Andrew Peck, formerly of the celebrared f.rm of Peck & Snydetw- 
*'A11 base ball fans should read and see hvw the game was conducted In 
early years." 

Melville E. Stone. New York. General Manager Associated Press: — 
"I hnd it full of valuable informiation and very interesting. I prize 
it very highly." 

George Barnard, Chicago: — "Words fail to express my appreciation 
of the book. It carries me back to the early days of base ball and 
makes me feel like a young man again." 

Charles W. Murphy. President Chicago Xational Leagu. club: — 
*'The book is a very valuable work and will become a part of every 
base ball library in the country." 

John F. Morrill, Boston. Mass.. old time base ball star,— ''I did 
not think it possible for one to become so interested in a book on base 
ball. I do not nnd anything in it which I can criticise." 

Ralph D. Paine, popular magazine writer and a leading ; -n 
college spoit: — "I have been reading the book with a gicj-. of 
interest. *It fills a long felt v."ant,' and you are a national beneiactor 
for writing it." 

Gen. Fred Funston. hero of the Philippine war: — "I read the book 
with a great deal of pleasure and was much interested in seeing the 
account of base ball among the Asiatic whaiers, which I had written 
for Harper's Round Table so many years ago." 

DeWolf Hopper, celebrated operatic artist and com.edian: — "Apart 
from the splendid history of the evolution of the game, it perpetuates 
the mxcmories of the many men who so glorioiisly sustained it. It should 
be read by every lover of the sport." 

Hugh Xicol. Director of Athletics. Purdue University. Lafayette, 
Ind.: — "No one that has read this book has appreciated it more than I. 
Ever since I have been big enough. I have been in professional base 
ball, and you can imagine how interesting the book is to me." ( 

Mrs. Britton, owner of the St. Louis Nationals, through her treas- 
urer, H. D. Seekamp, writes: — '"Mrs. Brittrn has been very mucli 
interested in the volume and has read witli pleasure a num.ber of 
chapters, gaining valuable information as to the history of the gam.e." 

Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst, D.D.. Xew York: — "Although I am not 
very much of a 'sport.' I nevertheless believe in sports, and just at 
the present time in base ball particularly. Perhaps if all the Giants 
had an opportunity to read the volunte before the recent game (with 
the Athletics) they might not have been so grievously outdone." 

Bruce Cartwright. son of Alexander J. Cartwright. founder of the 
Knickerbocker Base Ball Club, the first organization of ball players in 
existence, writing from his home at Honolulu. Hawaiian Islands, says: 
• — "I have read the^ book with great interest and it is my opinion that 
no better history of base ball could have been written." 

George W. Frost. San Diego. Calif.; — ''A'ou and 'Tint' White, Georee 
Wright, Barnes. Mc\>y. 0"Rourke. etc.. v.-ere little gods to u? back 
there in Boston in those days of '74 and '75. and I recall ho-.v indig- 
nant we were when you "threw us down' for the Chicago contract. 
The book is splendid. I treasure it greatly." 

A. J. Reach. Philadelphia, old time professional expert: — "'It certainly 
is an interesting revelation of the national game from the time, year's 
before it was so dignified, up to the present". Those who have played 
the game, _or taken an interest in it in the past, those at present en= 
gaged ^ in it, together with all who are to engage in it. have a rare 
treat in store.'' 

Dr. Luther H. Gulick. Russell Sage Foundation :— "Mr. Spalding 
has been the largest factor in guiding the developmem of the game 
and thus deserves to rank with other great men of tl-:c c untrv^who 
have contributed to it^s success. It would have added to the interest 
of the book if Mr. Spalding could have given us more of his own 
personal experiences, hopes and ambitions in connection with the game." 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now 
J in print, grouped for ready reference c~ 



No 
I 

lA 
IC 
2 

2A 
4 
6 
7 

7A 

9 



SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS 



Spald 
Spaid 
Spald 
Spald 
Spald 
Spald 
Spald 
Spald 
Spald 
Spald 
i 2A Spald 



ng's Official Base Ball Guide 

ng's Official Base Ball Record 

ng's Official College Base Ball Annual 

ng's Official Foot Bail Guide 

ng's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide 

ng's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 

ng's Official Ice Hockey Guide 

ng's Official Basket Ball Guide 

ng's Official Women's Basket Ball Guide 

ng's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 

ng's Official Athletic Rules 



I. 



Base Ball 



BASE BALL AUXILIARIES 



No. 355 
No. 356 



No. 340 

Groap II. 

No. 2 



Minor League Base Ball Guide 
Official Book National League 

of Prof. Base Ball Clubs 
Official Handbook National 
Playground Ball Ass'n 



Foot Ball 

Official ForA Ball 



No. 2a 
No. 335 



Group 

No. 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball 
Guide 

No. lA Official Base Ball Record 
No. Ic College Base Ball Annual 
No. 202 How to Play Base Ball 
No. 223 How to Bat 
No. 232 How to Run Bases 
No. 230 How to Pitch 
No, 229 How to Catch 
No. 225 How to Play First Base 
No. 226 How to Play Second Base 
No. 227 How to Play Third Base 
No. 228 How to Plav Shortstop 
No. 224 How to Play the Outfield 

'^How to Organize a Base Ball 
League 
How to Organize a Base Ball 
Club 

■^^ J How to Manage a Base Ball GrOUp IV. 

How toTraina Base Ball Team 4 Spalding s Official Laii-n Te 

How to Captain a Base Ball ^^^^ Animal 

Team 

How to Umpire a Game 
L Technical Base Bali Terms 
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Percentages _ Guide 

No. 350 Hov\- to Score No. 1^0 Ring Hockey 

(Continued on the next page.) 

ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT Of 10 CENTS 

For additiono.l books on athletic subjects see list ofSpcddings ''Red CovQ''* 
Se ries on second page following. 



Spalding' t 
Guide 

Spalding' s Offi c ial Soccer Fo o t 

Ball Guide 
How to Play Rugby. 
FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES 
No. 351 Official Rugby Foot Ball 
Guide 

No. 358 Official College Soccer Foot 
Ball Guide 

Lawn Tennis 



No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis 

Group VI. Hockey 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Group VII 

No. 7 



Basket Ball 



Spalding's Official Basket Ball 
Guide 

No. 7a Spalding's Official Women's 

Basket Ball Guide 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 353 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 



Handbook 



Group Vni. 



Lacrosse 



No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse 



Group IX. 



Indoor Base Ball 



No. 9 Spalding s Official Indoor 
Base Ball Guide 

Group X. Polo 

No. 129 Water Polo 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo 

Group XI. Miscellaneous Games 

No. 248 Archery 
No. 138 Croquet 
No. 271 Roque 

XT^ ^oA i Racquets. Squash-Racquets 

No. 194 jcourt Tennis 

No. 13 Hand Ball 

No. 167 Quoits 

No. 14 Curling 

No. 170 Push Ball 

No. 207 Lawn Bowls 



Group XII. 



Athletics 



No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic 
Rules 

No. 27 College Athletics 

No. 182 All Around Athletics 

No. 156 Athletes' Guide 

No. 87 Athletic Primer 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 

Thrower 
No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards 
No. 55 Official Sporting Rules 
No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
boys 

No. 317 Marathon Running 
No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics 
No. 2r2 How to Sprint 
No. 342 Walking for Health and Com- 
petition 



ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 
No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook 
No. 313 Public Schools Athletic 

League Official Handbook 
No. 314 Girls' Athletics 

Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments 

No. 23 Canoeing 

No. 128 How to Row 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide 

Group XIV. Manly Sports 

No. 165 Fencing ( By Senac) 

No. 102 Ground Tumbling 

No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells 

No. 2b2 Medicine Ball Exercises 

No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises 

No. 191 How to Punch the Bag 

No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs 

Group XV. Gymnastics 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill 

No, 214 Graded Calisthenics and 

Dumb Bell Drills. 
No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast 
No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- 
ing Drills 

No. 327 Pyramid Building Without 

Apparatus 
No. 329 Pyramid Building with 

W^ands, Chairs and Ladders 

GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY 
No. 345 Official Handbook 1. C. A. A. 
Gymnasts of America 

Group XVI. Physical Culture 

No, 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 
Busy Men. 

No. 149 Care of the Body 

No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym- 
nastics 

No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 
giene 

No. 185 Hints on Health 
No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
ning. 

No. 238 Muscle Building 
No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- 
nastics 

No. 213 285 Health Answers 

No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises 



ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS 

For additional books on athletic subjects see list of Spalding's ''Red Cove?'" 
Scr ici} 071 next page. 



SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



"Red Cover" Series 



No. IR. Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac* . Price 25c. 

No. 2R. Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis Price 25c. 

No. 3R. Spalding-'s Official Golf Guide.* Price 25c. 

No. 4R. How to Play Golf Price 25c. 

No. 5R. Spalding-'s Official Cricket Guide.* Price 25c. 

No. 6R. Cricket and How to Play It Price 25c. 

No. 7R. Physical Training- Simplified Price 25c. 

No. SR. The Art of Skating- Price 25c. 

No. 9R. How to Live 100 Years Price 25c. 

No. lOR. Sing:le Stick Drill Price 25c. 

No. IIR. Fencing Foil Work Illustrated Price 25c. 

No. 12R. Exercises on the Side Horse Price 25c. 

No. 13R. Horizontal Bar Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 14R. Trapeze, Long Horse and Rope Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 15R. Exercises on the Flying Rings. Price 25c. 

No. 16R. Team Wand Drill Price 25c. 

No. 17R. Olympic Games, Stockholm, 1912 Price 25c. 

No. 18R. Wrestling Price 25c. 

No. 19R. Professional Wrestling Price 25c. 

No. 20R. How to Play Ice Hockey Price 25c. 

No. 21R. Jiu Jitsu Price 25c. 

No. 22R. How to Swing Indian Clubs Price 25c. 

No. 23R. Get Weil ; Keep Well Price 25c. 

No. 24R. Dumb Bell Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 25R. Boxing Price 25c. 

No. 26R. Official Handbook National Squash Tennis Association* Price 25c. 

No, 27R. Calisthenic Drills and FancyMarching for the Class Room Price 25c. 

No. 28R. Winter Sports Price 25c. 

No. 29R. Children's Games Price 25c. 

No. 30R. Fencing. (By Breck.) Price 25c. 

No. 31R. Spalding's International Polo Guide.* Price 25c. 

No. 32R. Physical Training for the School and Class Room. . . Price 25c. 

No. 33R. Tensing Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 34R. Grading of Gymnastic Exercises Price 25c. 

No. 35R, Exercises on the Parallel Bars Price 25c. 

No. 36R. Speed Swimming. . Price 25c. 

No. 37R. How to Swim. . Price 25c. 

No. 38R. Field Hockey Price 25c. 

No. 39R. How to Play Soccer. . , Price 25c. 

No. 40R. Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games Price 25c. 

No. 41R. Newcomb Price 25c. 

No. 42R. Lawn Tennis in Australia Price 25c. 

No. 43R. Lawn Hockey, Parlor Hockey, Lawn Games Price 25c. 

No. 44R. How to Wrestle Price 25c. 

No. 45R. Intercollegiate Official Handbook Price 25c. 

No. 46R. Spalding's Official Lacrosse Guide,* Price 25c. 

No. 47R. How to Play Foot Ball Price 25c. 

No. 48R. Distance and Cross Country Running Price 25c. 

No, 49R. How to Bowl Price 25c. 



* Published annually. 




A. G. SPALDING 

From Photograph Taken in San Francisco in November, 1879 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 
Group L No. 231 












How to Umpire 
How to Captain a Team 
How to Manage a Team 
How to Coach 
now to vji ganize a L.eague 
How to Score 

and 

Technical Terms of Base Ball 






EDITED BY T. H. MURNANE 




NEW YORK 

American Sports Publishing Company 
21 warren street 



copyrignt, iyi4. Dy American Sports Pubiishing Company 



2 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEAE^. 

'\ 

ORGANIZING BASE BALL LEAGUES 

By T. H. MURNANE, 

President Xew Exglaxd League. 

Professional base ball is divided into major and minor 
leagues. The two major organizations are the American 
I-eague and the National League, while the minor leagues 
are classified into divisions AA, A, E, C and D. 

At least 1,000,000 people must reside in the cities in a 
league for it to come under Class A of the minor leagues. 
Therefore, in forming a league, it is necessar}^ to ascertain 
the population of the cities intended for the circuit. ]^Iany 
leagues limit their teams both in the number of players al- 
lowed and salary paid, and these limits should be strictly 
enforced. 

Eight cities are the ideal number for a league circuit. Cities 
should be paired oft where games can be exchanged on holi- 
days when possible. This is almost necessary in all leagues 
below Class AA. 

The Class AA leagues, such as the International League, 
American Association and Pacific Coast League, cover nearly 
as much ground as the major leagues, ana must, therefore, 
m.ake out schedules similar to those adopted in the major 
leagues. 

Where the country is as thickly populated as in Xew Eng- 
land, leagues often are formed where the traveling expenses 
are light and interest stim.ulated by cutting up the schedules 
so that a team is at home a part of each week. Many small 
leagues have made a success of pla3nng all Saturday games in 
the best drawing cities, splitting the receipts for these days 
evenly. 

Each league must have officers at the head who are able to 
force proprietors, managers and players to live up to the laws 

0CI.A371785 

Mi -4 1914 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 3 

in even* particular. In other words, men who consider the 
interests of the league above all else, and who, while holding 
office, hew to the line, with fair play for a watchword, and the 
closest regard for the good of the sport. 

These officials must eliminate all personal interests, and the 
very man who will fight hardest to gain a point or a concession 
from the league, will be the warmest admirer of the officials 
when he -realizes that they enforce the laws of the league to the 
letter, and spell duty all the time with a capital D. 

Therefore, when promoting a base ball league, the most im- 
portant work on hand is the selection of an executive head who 
is well posted on base ball from all angles, political, as well as 
from the standpoint of the magnates and players. A man who 
can mix up with the lovers of the sport and still have the 
adaptability to his executive position and the ability -to lead at 
all times. 

A poor executive can keep his league in hot water all the 
time, while an official with good judgment and backbone will 
make the same league bloom like June roses. Men who have 
given up the idea of any connection with major leagues make 
the best controlling heads for the smaller organizations, for the 
reason that they are willing to bring out young players, and 
are not taken up with the championship idea at the expense of 
the salary limit. 

The day never will come when minor leagues can live while 
ignoring the salary limits, for it means paying out more money 
than comes in at the gate, and the millionaire, even, is not living 
who will stand being the loser for more than two years at most. 

The safest man to control a minor league club below Class 
A is a retired ball player who wins out when his club does well 
financially. He will keep closer to the salary limit than the 
proprietor who is in the sport for a short time to see his name 
in the papers, and who later will make lame excuses to get out 
of the business. 

If I wxre to organize another minor league to-morrow, my 
first move after selecting the cities for an eight-club circuit, 
would be the selection of eight men to manage the clubs, 



I 



4 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

These men would be old ball players with executive ability 
and each one would receive at least a one-third interest in the 
club. I would have it arranged so that no club could remove 
its manager without the consent of the president of the league. 
This would give each manager confidence, and sooner or later 
he would have a little of the luck that must come to a v/inner. 

"Sly first advice would be to have perfect order on the ball 
field, insist on the players wearing clean uniforms, and all be 
uniformed alike, even to caps and shoes. The teams should 
cater to the best people in the community, and all questionable 
language on or off the field would be cut out. I would even go 
further, and insist that the spectators keep within the bounds 
in their personal remarks, for no one ever was attracted to the 
ball grounds by the insane and uncalled for abuse of players 
by the individual, disgruntled spectator. 

Gambling never should be countenanced for a minute in any 
form, for the past is strewn with base ball wrecks caused by 
gamblers. This element will abuse the gam.e at any turn, and 
should never be allowed to thrive on a ball ground. 

I would insist on having the games called promptly on time 
and then played as quickly as possible. Xo game of nine innings 
ever should be more than two hours long, and the shorter the 
better. 

The half hour practice before the game should be made 
attractive for the spectator, as often a poor game will follow 
lightning preliminary work. The public goes out to see the 
players handle the ball, and is disappointed when lax and erratic 
work marks the preliminary practice. 

Briefly, the following points are worth consideration by the 
experienced manager as well as the new man in the business 
who is anxious to perpetuate the sport in any given locality : 

(1) Keep your circuit as compact as possible while taking 

in the best base ball cities available. 

(2) Have officers and a head who know the game and will in- 

sist on every one living up to the rules and regulations, 
and who will force managers and players to respect the 
umpires as representing the league. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



5 



Select the class to which your population entitles you, 
and make every effort to stick within the salary limit. 

A fair sprinkling of experienced players with raw recruits 
will make the best combination. The young players 
should start at a modest salary, as for them it is every- 
thing to get a chance in organized ball where those look- 
ing for talent will soon find the boys entitled to the 
substantial salaries. 

Live up to the rules, and force the press and public of 
your cities to realize that the league is a substantial 
institution, bound to improve the weak spots, and respect 
the rights of the individual members. 

Pay all bills promptly, including advertising, and work 
in even.- way to gain the respect of the local public, 
which will find a well-handled base ball team one of the 
best methods of advertising a city. 

Insist on discipline among the players, for one bad peach 
will spoil a basket. Therefore, be on the alert to keep 
the players on their good behavior, as this counts more 
in the minor leagues than in the larger cities in the 
major leagues ; but in all parts of the country, it is the 
salvation of the game. 

Selfish players come from all sides, and like the restless 
ones must be guarded against. The pick of the players 
go to the big leagues, and a manager of a minor club 
should make it plain to his players that any of them 
worthy of advancement will receive his hearty co- 
operation. 



SPALbtNG'S AtHLEfiC LIBRARY. 



THE PREPARATION OF THE 
AMATEUR 

Iff 

By JOHN B. FOSTER. 

Occasionally it is not impossible to find some person who is 
anxious to play base ball, but has derived so much of his in- 
formation about the national game from the very interesting 
and sometimes technical accounts of the work of the profes- 
sionals, that he gathers the idea that it is a pastime too severe 
for amateur enjoyment. 

Let me try, so far as I may, to disabuse any one, who has 
an inclination to try the national game, of that belief. 

Never at any time, in the more than fifty years of life of the 
great American sport, has it been so firmly established in amateur 
circles as it is now. The number of amateur players has more 
than quadrupled in ten years. 

It is a statement so easy of confirmation that it needs no 
confirmation. Begin with the towns of 2,000 population and work 
upward to the cities of 100,000 population and find ample ocular 
evidence that such is the case. Where there was one nine playing 
base ball in any one of these centers of population ten years 
ago, there will be found four at the present time, and these are 
confined solely to the amateurs. In some places the ratio of 
gain will be found to be greatly in excess of the figures cited. 

If a young man of athletic build and favor desires to make 
base ball a profession for the years in which he is apt to be at 
his best, it is quite probable that a certain amount of physical 
exertion will be necessary to place him in the proper condition to 
stand a long season, wherein the games are regularly scheduled. 
It is quite evident that where a championship is at stake, in 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



7 



which professional organizations control the sport, that the par- 
ticipants therein will be expected not only to be in excellent 
health, when their duties call them to the field, but will be 
expected to observe certain regulations which shall be to their best 
advantage during a playing season. 

That these requirements are absolutely essential to the perfect 
enjoyment of base ball is all nonsense, and there is where an 
occasional wrong impression is obtained of our splendid pastime. 
On the one side is the business end of base ball. It has a business 
side to it, because it is a great professional occupation, splendidly 
managed as such, but it also has a side to it of pure and whole- 
some enjoyment, which has nothing to do with the rigorous 
training of the professional and which is not the least bit irk- 
some nor laborious. 

To be perfectly truthful about base ball it is not so exacting 
a game as tennis. Scientific and expert analysis has ascertained 
that the contestant in a hard fought tennis game consumes more 
vitality than the average player in a base ball game. Hence it 
is hardly fair to classify tennis with one of the milder forms of 
outdoor amusement. 

The principal difference betw^een tennis and base ball is not in 
the amount of exertion and energy which are employed in the 
games, but in the difi'erence of the equipment. The striker in 
base ball may not put a bit more force into his blow than the 
man who serves in tennis, but he bats a ball of quite different 
composition and weight, and uses a wholly dift'erent kind of bat 
to do so. 

The greatest drawback to the amateur's enjoyment in base ball 
was the possibility of injury to the hands, by reason of a severe 
blow from the ball when endeavoring to catch a hard line drive, 
or to stop a throw which was just wild enough to graze joints 
and finger nails instead of settling into the hands. 

To one in indoor employment, who could ill afford to have 
fingers broken or joints sprained, this was a serious handicap. 
It is a great satisfaction to say that the gloves, which have 
been devised in recent years by the Spalding factory, have so 



8 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



completely changed former conditions that it is now possible to 
play base ball without much risk oi this character. 

To this fact alone may be attributed much of the growth of 
base ball among the amateurs, There is not a doubt that hun- 
dreds are taking part in games for amusement, and for the ex- 
hilaration of the sport alone, who have been led to do so because 
they find such ample protection for their hands in the Spalding 
gloves that they are not menaced by injuries which vrill affect 
their daily occupations seriously after they have tried to enjoy 
themselves on the play grounds. 

Frequently I have heard amateurs express the opinion that 
one of the greatest boons which has been given to base ball 
players in general, has been the steady perfection, under the di- 
rection of the Spalding hrm. of all the appliances which are used 
in the national game. 

There was a time when it was considered "babyish" among 
ball players to avail themselves of the various devices to obviate 
physical injury and at the sam; time permit perfect enjoyment 
in the sport. Xo longer ago than when the introduction of the 
shin guard was broached by Roger Bresnahan, other catchers in 
both of the major leagues laughed at the invention. Even base 
ball critics went out of their way to denounce it. Xow the ap- 
pliance is in general use. and there is scarcely a major league 
catcher who will not avail himself of the shin guard m the year 
to come. For the amateurs it is a splendid device, because it 
obviates any possible hurt at the plate by spiking. 

The mask, the chest protector, the shin guards and the gloves 
have contributed far more to the enjoyment of the amateurs and 
have done far more to make base ball possible for them, with 
little or no risk, than they have assisted the professionals. The 
latter enter upon contracts to play and assume all risk. The 
amateurs play for the fun that thev get out of base ball, and 
as they depend upon other occupations for a livelihood, naturally 
prefer ^ play with as little risk to themselves as they may. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



9 



HOW TO ORGANIZE A BASE BALL 
CLUB FOR BOYS 

jT 

It is just as natural for boys to organize base ball clubs as 
it is for them to eat. It is practically impossible for nine boys 
of an average age to live in the same community, no matter if 
they happen to be the only nine in the village, without ''fixing 
up a team." But for all that, a few words of advice from one 
of the old boys, who has been through all stages of base ball, 
from straight pitching to curves, and broken fingers to a broken 
nose, may not come amiss to the youngsters who are interested 
in base ball now. 

One of the chief puzzlers to a base ball team of boys is just 
how much authority the manager has. Really, he hasn't a great 
deal, for the boys' club is entirely ditt'erent in this respect from 
the professional organization. While the manager of the pro- 
fessional club is the chief, that of the boys" club should be 
subordinate to the captain when it comes to the playing end. 
The manager should., in the first place, hustle about for players, 
taking care that there should be at least one good man for each 
position, at least one change catcher and pitcher and as many 
other '"substitutes" as he can scare up. All of these should 
formally meet after a suflicient amount of practice to enable 
them to get to know each other and each other's playing capa- 
bilities and proceed to the election of a captain. That done, 
the manager should leave the selection of the "regular ' team 
and who and where each man should play at every game to the 
captain. The manager will limit his duties to the provision of 
a schedule, notifying the players of games and seeing that they 
are promptly on hand both at practice and games. Thd manager 
should also be the financial head of the team, if there are any 



10 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



finances. In other words, the manager is the business head of 
the team and must leave the playing end of it entirely to the 
captain. In order that there should be no hard feeling, the 
captain should work harmoniously with the manager, often seek- 
ing his counsel and he should be very careful not to pose as the 
"whole show.'' It should be distinctly understood, however, that 
in differences of opinion, the captain is the head of all matters 
that pertain to the playing end. 

In the first place it is one of the facts of base ball that all 
small boys and all large boys cannot play the same position 
equally well. One great difficulty, which the small boys are 
accustomed to have in the organiaztion of clubs, is to be con- 
vinced that nine pitchers never can make a ball team. As a 
rule, everybody wants to be a pitcher and there is likely to be a 
warm discussion before the team has taken the field to play a 
single game. 

There are boys who are natural pitchers, just as there are 
others who are natural basemen or natural fielders, and it is 
necessary for all beginners if they want to be successful to learn 
this truth at the start. 

That means the election of a captain, and after he is elected 
implicit obedience to his control. Every boy who is a member 
of a base ball nine must make up his mind that if his team is 
going to win, it is essential that he shall follow the instructions 
which are given to him by the captain. 

It is best, therefore, to have the captain properly elected by 
ballot. Once the selection has been made his word should be 
law, so long as he is in office. Possibly there are some who will 
believe that young boys cannot be induced to accept this kind 
of discipline from others who are about their own age, but the 
writer has seen many a team most capably handled, all things 
considered, by youngsters still in their ''teens," whose orders 
were as faithfully complied with by other youngsters, as if the 
boys were under contract and subject to the discipline of pro- 
fessional base ball. Those were the teams, too, which were 
able to beat almost anything for miles around. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



11 



II must be always the duty of the captain to place his men 
on the field, thus in the matter of election it is best that some 
one should be selected who has some knowledge of base ball, 
and who is well informed as to the qualifications of those who 
are likely to be associated with him. The captain must be a 
player who knows the rules without question. If he were ignor- 
ant of any part of them it might mean the loss of the game 
through the omission of some technical move which would turn 
defeat into victory, or permit reverses to take place when there 
was no necessity for them. 

The selection of a team has a great deal to do with locality. 
In a city of some size it is tolerably certain that the boys of a 
particular section will associate with each other for outdoor past- 
time. It has been the observation of those who have watched 
base ball among boys, that better results are attained where the 
playmates of the year around are on one nine than when an 
effort is made to induce other players of fancied strength to 
join comparative strangers on a team. 

Of course, where boys meet in a public school it is not dif- 
ficult to find several nines among those of different ages. In 
the smaller towns the good ball players naturally drift together, 
so that there are junior clubs and clubs even for the little lads 
who are taking their first lessons in picking up grounders and try- 
ing to make home runs. The weaklings are soon discovered and 
sooner or later teams become the survival of the fittest. It 
isn't good policy to try to break up teams in order to place all 
the playing strength in one outfit. It savors too much of the 
decidedly unsportsmanlike theory of trying to win at my cost, 
something which every American boy should appreciate is not 
all there is in base ball. 

Having elected the captain it must naturally be his work to 
place the players properly. He will know that he must have for 
a catcher some one who is keenly observant of everything which 
happens on the field. The catcher is one man who must have 
his eyes opened and his wits about him all the time. He is in a 
position where he can see most that is going on in the game and 



12 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



in addition to his actual hard work behind the bat he must look 
out for the bases and prevent his helders from playing at the 
wrong angles to stop the hits. 

The hrst baseman needs to be cool headed, with a long reach 
and the ability to catch the ball with one hand. As base ball 
is played nowadays one hand is becoming more and more es- 
sential to good work at hrst. !Many of the best lielding basemen 
practice constantly trying to catch the ball with the gloved hand, 
and plays are made which attract everybody by their brilliancy. 

The second baseman is the king of the inheld. He has abun- 
dance of ground to cover, must be able to back up the hrst base- 
man and must also be able to back up the shortstop when the 
latter is playing second, and should be fast on his feet so that 
he can cover the many short flys which fall toward right held. 

The shortstop has work much like that of the second baseman, 
with the exception that he is asked to stop many long hits, and 
in order to be able to get the ball to hrst in time he must be a 
stronger thrower than the second baseman. 

The third baseman also must be a good thrower and he must 
be a pla}'er of pluck, for the hits come down third base line fas- 
ter if anything than they do anywhere on the held. In addi- 
tion to that the third baseman of the present era must know hov/ 
to take care of bunt hits. 

The outhelders should be good runners, good judges of long 
hits and good batters whenever it is possible to combine all three 
qualihcations. 

Pitchers are born, not made. The successful captain will know 
his pitchers at once and will pick out only those men who have 
patience, cool heads and good control of the ball. Erratic curves, 
which result only in bases on balls, are not the sort of thing 
with which the boys can hope to be successful, 

A team modeled after the above lines would be able to hold 
its own with the majority of the nines which it might meet 
through the summer season. Every captain must expect that he 
will lose a game at some time or another, so the moment that 
defeat does fall to the share of his particular team, it isn't good 



spaldtS'G's athletic library. is 

judgment to begin to supplant this player and that pla^^er by- 
others. Never attempt changes until thoroughly satisfied that 
a better player is to be enrolled with the nine or that the player 
who is to be dropped is not more the victim of a little hard luck 
than a downright weak athlete. Above all things prejudice never 
should be permitted to influence the motives of the man who 
is in charge of the team. 

As base ball is steadily going through a process of evolu- 
tion, which shows no signs of abating, young players are ad- 
vised to take advantage of all the new improvements which have 
been made for their benefit. By all means have suitable gloves, 
suitable masks, protectors and such other adjuncts as the sport 
requires. They are just as much an essential now as the guards 
which are used in cricket, and speaking of cricket, base ball has 
borrowed one idea from the ancient English game. A number 
of catchers now wear shin guards, which are made especially for 
base ball use, and were first introduced by Roger Bresnahan. 
They prevent many a sore spot in the course of a season. 

After the individual club has been organized the next thing is 
the possible league. This is by no means a difficult issue, and 
if it is possible to become a part of a league it is probable the 
interest in the games will be more keen than if a club clings sole- 
ly to independent games with opportunity to play less than if it 
were to go through a fixed season. 

Let some central point be selected at which the delegates of 
the various clubs in the proposed league shall be present. Give 
each club but one vote in the meeting no matter how many dele- 
gates attend. Elect first a temporary chairman and after that 
a board of directors who shall have the business affairs of the 
league in hand. Then it would be advisable to elect a president, 
secretary and treasurer. 

For the league to be perfectly successful the president should 
be allowed to control the matter of the umpires and should look 
out generally for its welfare. Probably the voting of any sums 
for expenses would be better left to the jurisdiction of the board 
of directors. 



14 



SPALDING* S ATHLETIC LIBJlARY. 



A schedule committee would be necessary and that could be 
made up of the president, secretary and one lay member, or it 
might be chosen from all lay members, different clubs to be 
represented in turn on the committee in different years. The 
schedule is an important matter and those with base ball ex- 
perience are best qualified to arrange it for the playing year. 

A league among amateur clubs should have no difficulty in 
playing through a successful season, if the members -will always 
keep in mind the fact that they are to follow implicitly the in- 
structions which are given to them by the president of the or- 
ganization, or the board of directors. In fact the league idea is 
spreading so rapidly throughout the country that in another five 
years it will be surprising to find clubs not part of some league. 

It must be borne in mind that any league must always respect 
the individual club strength of its organization. While in an 
amateur league players would not be asked to sign their names 
to contracts, it would be manifestly unfair for one club to en- 
deavor to influence the roen of another club to desert, and action 
of that kind should result in sharp punishment by those in a 
position to censure. 

The extension of trolley lines throughout the various States 
has made the league idea even more popular than it has been 
in the past. It is now easy to make up splendid little circuits in 
which games may be played weekly or semi-weekly. The players 
are compelled to take but a short ride from one city to another, 
and the excitement following such series is but comparatively 
slighter than that which attaches to the large professional 
leagues. 

When a league adopts an amateur standard it should uphold 
it with the utmost tenacity and anything which pertains to pro- 
fessionalism should be frowned upon and punished with severity. 

It is pretty well agreed that amateurism and professionalism 
mix none too well in base ball, although there is more of it in 
the national pastime than in any other sport in the United 
States. It is not good policy for a strictly amateur league to 
permit paid batteries to be employed. Once that loophole is 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



15 



made, it is likely to be widened, until all the players on a team 
are rebelling because they are not paid for their services as 
well as the pitcher and catcher. 

Furthermore, there is not the same satisfaction in an amateur 
league winning with men who are either avowedly under pay or 
who are suspected of being paid, and players lose their interest 
in the sport where officials are lax about keeping the limitations 
strictly defined. 

The time is not far distant when in the larger cities there will 
be regularly organized public school leagues. There is no ques- 
tion but the games would be uncommonly interesting not only 
to the participants but to their hundreds of friends throughout 
the cities. All these leagues may be formed on just the lines 
laid down above. The greatest success of this kind of an organ- 
ization is the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New 
York, which has a yearly schedule of several hundred games. 



16 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



THE EQUIPMENT OF A BASE BALL 

TEAM 

sT 

The following is the gist of a conversation had with one of 
the most prominent minor league managers recently: 

"Have you ever stopped to consider how much more a really 
good set of uniforms costs than those which are merely make- 
shifts? Just put it down on paper some time, get the cold facts 
written out in coin of the United States, then count up the games 
on 3^our schedule and see how much the extra cost really figures 
out per game. There is hardly a minor league club that could not 
spend with advantage one hundred or one hundred and iifty 
dollars extra on uniforms and general equipment. If you will 
count up the total games you play during the season you will see 
this will not net one dollar a game additional — and, remember, 
that's what represents the difference between having a team go 
out on the field with uniforms that are really creditable and 
what they should be, and having them, on the other hand, parade 
in clothes that make fun of their playing abilities, degrade them 
in the eyes of their friends and your patrons, and make them 
feel 'cheap' — the worst thing that can happen to a player whom 
you expect to really do work that will mean 'winning ball.' Tavo 
extra spectators at fifty cents each will pay for what it costs 
you extra to put good uniforms on your men, and equip them so 
that they will really be a credit to the management of the club 
they represent. 

''What would you say of the theatrical manager who tried to cos- 
tume his people in the worn-out trumpery of the property room? 
What would the critics say of a manager whose only idea in put- 
ting a play on the stage was to economize wherever he possibly 
could? Don't you know the critics would tear him. to pieces if the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



17 



audience had not already made it unnecessary by staying away 
from the theatre? Theatrical managers have learned long since 
that it pays to have their people present a good appearance, and 
they don't stop there, but year by year productions are being 
more handsomely staged ; fortunes are spent in costumes which 
are never used after the play for which they were originally pur- 
chased has been taken off the boards, and all this lavish expendi- 
ture is for but one purpose — to please the patrons of the theatre. 
And have you not just as keen an audience in your grand stands 
as ever watched with breathless interest the denouement of some 
drama from the theatre box? What is the gallery compared to 
your bleachers for enthusiasm? Is there a star, matinee idol, 
you may call him, upon the stage to-day whose doings are 
watched with more interest than are those of the players on the 
league teams? Have any of them friends who are more en- 
thusiastic, followers who are more devoted? Yet, these are the 
very men you send out on the diamond with an outfit positively 
shapeless, in many cases dirty, wrinkled, and altogether a dis- 
grace. The same man, if you meet him on the street, wears 
clothes that are a credit ; he takes a pride in his appearance, and 
would do the same on the ball field if you really had as much 
regard for your own interests as you should. 

"The extra cost of a first-class uniform over a poor one, as 
already noted, is practically nothing. To a team playing over 
150 games a season, as the clubs in the Eastern League do, the 
difference in cost amounts to less than a dollar per game. Think 
of that, and then consider that the bulk of the cheap makeshift 
suits that many of the teams wear never were intended for any 
such amount of service, and when the season is about half over 
are barely hanging together, long having lost all resemblance of 
what they were originally. Would it not have been economical in 
the first place to have purchased a good set of uniforms, made 
of material that is suitable for the purpose, and constructed 
as base ball suits should be made — not too tight to play ball and 
loose enough to look well?" Most of the teams that are run 
according to up-to-date ideas even have two sets of uniforms, 



18 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



one generally of white material, perhaps with a little trimming 
of black or some other color on the cap^ or perhaps only a col- 
ored button, and striped stockings. This set is for home 
games. Each man has his name on every article in the outfit 
and he takes a pride in keeping it as it should be or seeing that 
it is kept so. The traveling suit is, of course, made of some 
colored flannel that will not show dust or dirt very easily. Gray 
has the call by a large majority. The number of shades is large 
enough to permit of a selection to suit nearly anyone. How- 
ever, many still stick to blue and maroon for their road suits, 
and if the material is first class these colors will hold well even 
during a hard and long season, but if care has not been 
exercised in selecting the manufacturer and the material the 
amount of trouble that one set of poor uniforms can cause an 
already overworked manager on the road is incalculable. 

"The whole matter really simmers down to the question as to 
whether a really good uniform for a first-class base ball team 
is worth while. For teams of any of the leagues, as they are 
continually in the public eye, there is no question but what 
uniforms should be of the same class as the playing is expected to 
be. The player feels more like playing good ball when he 
realizes that his uniform is the best obtainable, and spectators 
without doubt feel much better satisfied wnth their hero in a neat 
suit than they will if he looks as though he has not been out of 
hrs clothes in a week, and the effect on the spectator is generally 
considered by a really progressive management. To ignore it is 
fatal ; too many know this to have to be reminded." 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. id 



HOW TO CAPTAIN A TEAM 

By M. J. KELLEY. 

The captain of a ball team should be a first-class player, up 
to every trick of the game. 

He should take the side of the player, even against the man- 
agement, when he thinks the player is being in any way wronged. 

Once on the field he should have full charge of his men and 
carry out the programme mapped out by the manager. The 
players should have implicit confidence in him and obey his or- 
ders promptly and to the best of their ability. 

The captain should be especially well versed in the playing 
rules (a point, by the way, most of the players are weak on). 

The captain alone should address the umpire and teach his 
men that clubs get none the best of it by nagging the official 
and bringing the hot headed spectators down on the head of 
the arbitrator. 

When stupid plays are made by his men the captain should 
make a mental note of the same and allude to it later when the 
game is over, for no man feels worse than the one who has made 
the mistake. 

The captain should ever be on the alert to note opponents' 
weakness and map out a plan with his pla3^ers to take advantage 
of it. 

While not outspoken, the captain should ahvays tip o£f the 
weakness of his own men to the management. 

The captain should never be called on to sign or release a 
player, but allowed to pay his attention to the men after they 
reach the field. 

The captain should make out the batting order, and work out 
the plays wdth his men, as several heads are better than one 



20 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



on a ball field, for a change of front must often take place as 
the result of an opponent's change of attack. 

The captain should teach his men that a variety of plays well 
executed will bother the enemy, and perfection is necessary to 
carry out lightning changes of front on a ball field. 

When possible the captain of a team should be on the coach- 
ing lines, and should set a good example by his personal inside 
work. 

''A game is never won until the last man is out," is not only 
an old and true base ball saying, but the finest ever written for 
a ball player's guidance. 

The players ^'^^^"II follow the lead of the captain much as ducks 
will follow the rising -^oung drake, therefore, in playing and 
general deportment, much depends on the captain of a ball team. 
Leaders are scarce, but come to the front naturally. 

While the best class of professional base ball team managers 
are as scarce as they are desirable, a thoroughh^ able and com- 
petent team captain is an individual member of a team very dif- 
ficult to find. 

It may be justly asked, ''What constitutes the essential require- 
ments of a first-class captain of a team?" In the first place, 
such a captain must know how to govern himself, otherwise he 
cannot govern others successfully ; especially is this moral quali- 
fication essential in the case of a player possessed of a hot 
and ugly temper. Secondly, he should in all cases govern the 
players of his team as he would like his captain to do if he 
were himself a subordinate player. These are the two primary 
essentials in the way of the moral attributes of an ^'A No. i'* 
captain. 

In the selection of a captain, two well-known clashes of cap- 
tains should be avoided, viz., the one class including those of 
ungovernable tempers, without self-control, dictatorial in their 
manner, imperious in command, and too fond of having this, 
that or the other thing done simply because it is their desire that 
it should be done. The other class are those who are easily 
influenced against their best ideas, of no determination of char- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



21 



acter, afraid of censure, and too desirous of pleasing special 
friends in the course they pursue, at the cost of the best interests 
of the club they belong to 

Of course the captain of a team needs to be well up in all the 
rules of the game, as also the special points of strategic skill, 
and a first-class player not only in his position — which should be 
in the infield — but also in other positions which he may be called 
upon to fill in some critical period of a contest. He should be 
a lover of fair, manly play, and not a mere cunning trickster in 
carrying out his duties in a contest. Low cunning in a player 
is like ''a vaulting ambition which oft o'erleaps itself." But 
where to find this rara avis? Of all the players of a team 
having pennant-winning aspirations, deliver us from the folly of 
a "kicking" captain, one who not only actually is ''on the growl'* 
in regard to errors of play and judgment, but who makes the de- 
fenseless umpire the constant target of his fault-finding. In 
fact, a so-called "aggressive'' captain — that is, a regular fault- 
finding fellow — umpire baiter — is a nuisance on a ball field, ama- 
teur and professional alike. 



22 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



MANAGING A BASE BALL TEAM 

if 

By CONNIE MACK, 

]Manager of the Athletics. 

Managers of Base Ball clubs seldom agree upon the way to 
handle a ball club in order to get the best results. In other 
words, all have their own ideas as to how a club should be 
handled. Should the club prove a winner, the manager is con- 
sidered the best ever. Should he turn out a loser, the owner is 
looking for a new man with different ideas as to how his c'ub 
should be run. Oftentimes you see the names of a team on 
paper that would be picked for tail-enders, and this same team 
may prove the winner. 

It's the combination and team-work that counts in Base Ball. 
No matter how strong a team may appear they cannot win un- 
less the players are working in harmony. The manager's first 
work is getting his players. He signs anywhere from twenty to 
thirty and from this number he must decide upon the player^ 
to fill each position and who he will hold for utility players. 

Great care must be taken before releasing a player. ]vlany 
managers make serious mistakes by letting out young players 
who have all the natural ability, though lacking in experience. 
The mistake will surely come home to them later on when the 
same player is signed by another club who reaps the benefit of 
this young player's ability. In handling players is where a 
manager's ability really shows his true worth. 

Seldom can two players be handled in the same manner. One 
may be of the most sensitive kind, and this type of a player is 
the one managers have their troubles with. For wlien things 
break badly for him he considers everyone is working again>r 
him. The best way to handle a player of this kind would be to 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



23 



take him one side, and show him his faults, explain to him how 
he can remedy them, and at the same time impress upon him 
that he is a far better player than he believes himself to be. 
Nine times out of ten this will work to perfection and a good 
player is saved to you. 

The player who is conceited enough to think he is far above 
the average can easily be handled. At every opportunity that 
offers itself he should get a good calling down. This method 
will soon bring him to realize that Base Ball has no use for the 
player who considers himself better than anyone else. 

In pla3'ing the game a manager must decide upon the style 
of game his team is best fitted for. In order to get the best 
results have each man do what he is capable of doing best. 
The sacrifice, the hit and run, the base stealing, are all very 
important. Pick out the players who are best adapted for each 
and place them in the batting order accordingly. 

Don't try to have your players do something they are not 
capable of doing. Teach them to sacrifice their own individual 
averages for the good of the team. In this way you will always 
get the best results and achieve the greatest number of vic- 
tories. 



24 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARYc 



CORRECT STYLE OF COACHING 

By JAMES A. COLLINS. 

It takes a perfect knowledge of the abilit}' of each pla^-er to 
properly coach the base runners. \\'irh wideawake players to 
look after, coaching at lirst base is wholly uncalled for, as the 
base runner must keep his eyes glued to the ball and use his own 
judgment when to move from the base. 

The pla}' is altogether different at third base, and at this point 
a coacher is positively necessary for the man coming from second 
base. 

This base runner never should be obliged, on a safe hit, to turn 
his head toward the play, but should come on at top speed, 
looking for his cue from the man on the coachujg line. He 
should be always in a position to turn for the home plate under 
full head of steam, and simply watch the coacher for the signal 
to keep on going for home, or to stop altogether. 

The loss of a fraction of a second will lose runs, games and 
championships, and all depends on the coacher s on the lines if 
the players are trained to take their cues blindly from the men 
in a position to see all that is going on, wherever the ball is. 

I have seen line players make the poorest kind of coachers, 
as they have failed to calculate the speed of their own runners 
as well as the helding and throwing ability of their opponents. 

Good base runners make the best coachers. and the best I 
ever saw, worked with signals and made little ftiss or noise 
during" their performances. 

There should be as much time given to perfecting the coaching 
department of the game as to an}- other phase of team base ball 

When a man is running from first base, he should keep in 
touch with the coacher at third, instead of being on the lookout 



^PALDING^S; ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



^5 



for something his opponents are going to do with the ball. 
Moreover, he always should move exactly as he is instructed to 
do by the man on the lines. 

Men often will remain close to second base, fearing the in- 
fi elders w^ho are plajdng far away from the sack. Slow run- 
ners must get a good start and take more advantage of their 
opportunities to score on safe hits handled by clever outfielders, 
and the men on the coaching lines should be obliged to not yell 
out instructions,, but to work entirely through signals, either with 
their hands or caps. 

It is a mistake to send up some one to coach who is not alive 
to the inside workings of the game, simply because the regular 
coacher is indifferent. A first-class coacher at third base streng- 
thens a team three to five per cent., and good men do not aver- 
age two to a club in professional base ball. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAIilr. 



SUCCESSFUL COACHING 

By JOHN J. McGRAW. 

If there is one thing I don't beheve in as being necessar}- to 
successful coaching it is a lot of noise. The man who makes a 
lot of noise may suit some of the spectators, but he doesn't win 
gamies. What I do believe in in coaching is hard and constant 
thinking, and one can't be making a racket and doing the proper 
thinking and planning at the same time. 

The coacher is up there, according to my ideas on the subject, 
to see that the players of his side do what he wants them to do. 
I want my players to do what Fd do myself were I in their 
place. See that your players run the bases for the team, not for 
the individuals. Close games are won and lost right on the 
bases, and every move made there is important. 

It is essential that the base runner and the batter be on the 
alert to catch your signal when you want them to make a play. 
The expert coacher will have an eye on the opposing team to 
see how the various fielders are stationed and as far as possible 
what the opposing pitcher and catcher are planning, what they 
are trying to do. That's a situation that the coacher must size 
up when directing a base runner. The coacher must also, when 
directing a base runner whether to come on or hold his position, 
bear in mind the state of the game, whether there are none, 
one or two out, and must order the runner to take chances or 
npt take them accordingly. ]\Iuch depends on the state of the 
game whether a long chance is justifiable or not. 

Study the man you are coaching. It is important that the 
coacher know the individual abiHties of the pla^^ers and take them 
into consideration in directing the men. -My own preference in 
the matter of a location for coaching is third base. I prefer 
it to first base for the reason that all the play is in front of you 
at third base and you can supervise and direct better there than 
at first, where a great deal of the time the runner is turned 
away from you. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LiBRARY. 



HINTS FOR CAPTAINS AND MANAGERS 

^Manager McGraw of the Xew York Nationals, who has been 
both a successful manager and captain, says the first requisite 
of a successful captain is ability on his own part. He must know 
the game himself and be an expert at playing it. The better 
player he is, the more confidence his men Avill have in himi. 
His men will feel that he knows what he ii talking about when 
he orders such and such things done. Again, if he is a manager 
and no longer a player his men will have confidence in him in 
accordance with the ability he has shown on the field when he 
was an active participant in games. 

Be he captain or manager or both, he must be firm with his 
men, ]\IcGraw declares. That is a quality he cannot do without. 
If he orders something done he must see to it that his order is 
carried out. Ability to grasp a situation quickly and think 
quickly is another indispensable asset of a successful captain or 
manager. 

"There is one feature of development on which I lay a great 
deal of stress," says ]\IcGraw. "and that is have your men prac- 
tice like they play, have them put the same snap, vim and heart 
in the practice as in the gc me itself. Have them practice like 
they play and play like they practice, that is a watchword with 
me. Fast, earnest practice k^ys your men up and has them on 
their toes. 

'Tn handling a team of ball players it should be remembered 
that no two men are alike and that they can't all be handled 
the same way. Study the tem.perament of each player. You can 
be severe with some, whereas you have to handle others with 
kid gloves to get the best results. 

"There's one thing I don't believe in at all, and that is club- 



'^8 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAtlf. 



house talks and lectures. In all my career I've never done any 
of that sort of thing. The ball field is the place to teach the 
game to men. I might have an occasional individual talk on the 
side with this or that player, but no general talks or discussions 
of plays and plans. 

*'When I want a man to do a thing, I want him to do it on 
the field, which is the place for Base Ball, not the clubhouse, 
and the ball field is the place to tell him about it. If a man 
makes a play on the field that you don't like, if he does some- 
thing wrong or goes contrary to orders, the place to spike such 
things is on the field and the time right away. I don't mean 
by that to criticize him or go for him before everybody or to 
give him a public reprimand, but to quietly inform him wherein 
he was wrong and why. The time to show him his mistake 
is when the play is still fresh in his mind. Then he'll remem- 
ber. Treat your players as 3^ou would want to be treated." 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



29 



UMPIRING A BALL GAME 

It is one of the necessities of the game of base ball, apparently, 
that the duties of the umpire should exceed, in their multiplicity 
and importance, those of the referee or umpire in every other 
sport in vogue. For this reason the position has become one re- 
quiring as much special training and instruction to excel in it as 
that of the most important position in the game. Indeed, it is 
far easier to obtain a suitable occupant for the most arduous 
places on the field than it is to find a fitting man for the posi- 
tion of umpire. 

Let us take a brief glance at the important duties the umpire 
is called upon to discharge in his onerous position. Quoting from 
the code of playing rules as to the umpire's special duties, we 
find, in the first place, in regard to the official authority and power 
given him to enforce the rules, that : 

Rule 60. — The umpires are the representatives of the League and 
as such are authorized and required to enforce each section of this 
code. They shall have the power to order a player, captain or manager 
to do or omit to do any act which in their judgment is necessary to 
give force and effect to one or all of these rules, and to inflict pen- 
alties for violations of the rules as hereinafter prescribed. In order 
to define their respective duties, the umpire judging balls and strikes 
shall be designated as the '"Umpire-in-Chief" ; the umpire judging base 
decisions as the "Field Umpire." 

Experience has proved conclusively that this arbitrary power 
is a necessity in the game in order to successfully combat the 
gross abuse of disputing the umpire's decisions by the players. 
Another rule specially refers to the ''kicking" evil as follows : 

Rule 63. — There shall be no appeal from any decision of either 
umpire, on the ground that he was not correct in his conclusion as to 
whether a batted ball was fair or foul, a base runner safe or out, a 



30 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



pitched ball a strike or tall, or on any other play involYing accuracy 
of judgment : and no decision rendered by him shall be revers-^d. except 
that he be convinced that it is in violation of one of these rules. The 
captain shall alone have the right to protest against a decision and 
seek its reversal on a claim that it is in coniict with a section of 
these rules. In case the captain does not seek a reversal of a decision 
based solely on a point of rules, the umpire making the decision 
shall, if he is in doubt, ask his associate for information before acting 
on the captain's appeal. Under no circumstances shall eich^r umpire 
criticise or interfere with a decision unless asked to do so by his 
associate. 

This rule plainly limits the action of the captain in question- 
ing a decision only as to its legality, and it does not include a 
decision marked by an alleged error of judgment. Here is an- 
other rule to the same ellect. 

Rule 65. — Under no circumstances shall a captain or player dispute 
the accuracy of the umpire's judgment and decision on a play. 

By this rule the player is prohibited from disputing a decision 
involving an alleged error of judgment. 

The umpire is required by onicial authority to bear in mind 
one important fact, and that is, that the rules are made to be en- 
forced by the letter of the law. If they are unjust the fault 
is not the umpire's, and he has no power to amend them, or to 
interpret them differently. But if they are disobeyed, it is the 
umpire's fault if they are violated with impunity. 

Have the playing rules at your command. Give your de- 
cisions promptly. Follow the ball closely and never give a man 
out where there is a reasonable doubt. 

Of late years it has been compulsory for the umpire to keep 
the vicinity of the batsman's box clear of all obstructions and to 
announce any changes that may occur in either the player coming 
to bat or players at their pc-sitions in the tield. Both are very 
excellent provisions, for with a bag c^jntaining extra balls, or even 
such a small article as tlie whisk brocaii used in dusting off the 
plate lying about promiscuously, the catcher or umpire might 
easily make a misstep and break an ankle. TbiC umpire sliould 
announce such changes in lineup as may be made from time to 
time, as he is the proper party to do so, and spectators should 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



31 



be kept fully informed of such changes in the onl}' way pos- 
sible. 

Pay no attention to the comments of partisan crowds. Keep 
the players on the move. When players break the rules laid 
down by the heads of the league, never hesitate in forcing the 
penalty. Have as little to do with the players as possible, and 
never offer an excuse for some decision not to the player's 
liking. 

The umpire takes as much pride in his work as the player, and 
must be in good physical condition to do himself justice. 

The umpire should always try and be in a position to see the 
play, and never get mixed up with the players. 

In calling balls and strikes the umpire should adopt some pe- 
culiarity, for example, '*'Silk'' O'Loughlin, the famous umpire 
of the American League, calls as follows : ''One,'' ''Strikes tub" 
for two. Then comes ''batter out"; or, "ball one.'* "ball"; then, 
"take your base." Sheridan never calls the number of balls, 
simply ''ball," "ball," "take your base" ; "strike one," "strike two," 
'Vou're out." The players and spectators soon grow to know 
the calls, even when the voice is indistinct. 



1 — «'Sti-r-i-k.- Tiili" n'l..,iiulji!i; . . ,e'' ("Silk" 

O'Lou^lilii. I : ■'> — "'Mir' I Silk" (I'Lmi- hlin i : 4 — 'sr;ike*" dlank 
O'Davj: 5— "Safe"' i Kvaiis i ; t'> — ••Safe" (Tom CoLinolly ) : 7 — ■•Oiir" 
(Hank O'Day » : S— "-Safe" (Hank 0"Day). Photos by Conloii. 

CHARACTERISTIC ATTITUDES OF V/ELL KNOWN UMPIRES 
IN RENDERING DECISIONS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



SEMAPHORE SIGNALS BY THE 
UMPIRES 

Two or three years ago base ball critics in the East and West 
began to agitate the question of signaling by the umpires to an- 
nounce their decisions. 

At first the judges of play did not want to signal. They 
thought it detracted from their dignity to go through a dumb 
show resembling the waving of the arms of a semaphore. 

That did not deter the base ball criticis from their stand. 
With good-natured persistence they urged upon the umpires 
the necessity of the new idea, and by and by the officials of the 
league took up the subject and suggested that it would be worth 
a trial. 

It was finally experimented with and has been one of the 
very best moves in base ball as a medium of rendering decisions 
intelligible, and now there is not an umpire but uses his arms 
to signal. If he did not, two-thirds of the spectators who make 
up the immense crowds which have been patronizing base ball 
for the last few years, would be wholly at sea as to what was 
transpiring on the field, except as they might guess successfully. 

Right arm in the air with one finger pointing to the sky can 
be read for a long distance as a strike. When two fingers are 
upraised the crowd knows that it is two strikes, and it doesn't 
care to hear much about the third strike, because the movements 
of the batter will certify to that. 

The left arm is used to signal the number of balls when it is 
necessary to do so. Some umpires never use the arm -when a 
ball is called, and by refraining from doing so the crowd under- 
stands that it is not a strike. When the clamor is deafening and 
the Ditcher calls for the number of balls the left arm is raised 



34 



SPALDING'S ATtlLETiC LIBRARY. 



with as many fingers extended as balls have been called against 
the batter. 

Almost every umpire has a characteristic motion for calling 
the runner safe. As a usual custom, however, the arms extended 
with the palms of the hands turned down signify that the 
runner has reached the base legally. 

When calling a runner out most of the umpires use a sweep- 
ing motion of the arm which signifies that the unfortunate player 
is to return to the bench. 

An umpire may signal that a runner is out, and on the very 
instant that he gives the decision the basem.an may drop the 
ball. All the staff of the major leagues are quick to reverse the 
signal from a motion to leave the base, to the other motion of 
dropping the arms quickly with the palms of the hands down. 
It is understood at once, both by players and spectators. 

Even the older umpires, who were more loath to give their 
consent to the new system on the field, are now frank enough 
to admit that it has been of invaluable assistance to them in mak- 
ing their decisions understood when the size of the crowd is 
such that it is impossible to make the human voice carry dis- 
tinctly to all parts of the field. 

Illustrations are appended showing the signals which are in 
vogue at the present time. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



35 



TECHNICAL TERMS OF BASE BALL 

Since the very inception of the game, Base Ball has 
been prolific of technical terms and phrases, but they have 
never been so numerous and distinct as in recent years. 
Indeed, many of these Bas" Ball terms have become part 
and parcel of the phraseology of the period to quite a 
notable extent. For instance, the familiar term, "Play 
Ball," is now recognized as the synonym of a special 
efYort to give earnestness to one's work, and to stop 
trifling with anything we undertake to do— '*No more 
nonsense; Play Ball." 

In writing up this chapter on "The Technical Terms 
of Base Ball," we do not present it as a mere vocabu- 
lary of the slang terms used in the game, as it is, in 
reality, a special chapter of instruction in all the points 
of play in Base Ball, besides which it includes explana- 
tions of the rules of the game. In fact, no one can read 
this chapter carefully and studiously without becoming 
well posted in the important points of strategic play in 
the game, as much so as if he had made himself familiar 
with every section of the playing code of rules as con- 
tained in the latest edition of Spalding's Official Base 
Ball Guide. 

We have divided up the technical terms of Base Ball 
into the following classes : 

Technical Terms Applicable to — 
PITCHING (Page 36). 
BATTING (Page 39). 
FIELDING (Page 42). 
BASE RUNNING (Page 45). 
UMPIRING (Page 48). 

and 



GENERAL TECHNICAL TERMS (Page 50). 



36 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE 
TO PITCHING 

if 

A Balk. — This is a failure to deliver the ball to the bat 
legally, and there are nine different ways of committing 
a balk, as follows : 

1. Any motion made by the pitcher while in position to 
deliver the ball to the bat without delivering it, or to 
throw to first when occupied by a base runner v/ithout 
completing the throw. 

2. Throwing the ball by the pitcher to any base to 
xatch the base runner without stepping directl}^ toward 
such base in the act of making such throw. 

3. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the pitcher 
while either foot is back of the pitcher's plate. 

4. Any delivery of the ball to the bat by the pitcher 
while he is not facing the batsman. 

5. Any motion in delivering the ball to the bat by the 
pitcher while not in the position defined by Rule 30. 

6. Holding of the ball by the pitcher so long as, in the 
opinion of the umpire, to unnecessarily delay the game. 

7. Making any motion to pitch while standing in his 
position without having the ball in his possession. 

8. Making any motion of the arm, shoulder, hip or 
bod}^ the pitcher habitually makes in his method of deliv- 
ery, without immediately delivering the ba-1 to the bat. 

9. Delivery of the ball to the bat when the catcher is 
standing outside the lines of the catcher's position as 
defined in Rule 3. 

If the pitcher shall fail to comply with the require- 
ments of anv section of this rule, the umpire shall call a 
''balk." 

The^ Battery of a Tcaui. — The pitcher and catcher of the 
nine in the field are called the ''battery" of the team. 

A Battery Team. — Tlie pitcher and catcher, though 
''battery'' players, cannot be regarded as a "team" unless 
they work together as such ; that is,' in thorough accord 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



in their playing of points, and in their mutual under- 
standing of a special code of private signals, without 
which they are merely two distmct players and not a 
"team" in the full sense of the term_. 

Battery Errors. — This C-iss of errors is confined to 
wild pitches, bases on bali: and hitting batsmen with 
pitched balls, and to passed balls by the catcher. 

Called Balls. — The umpire is -equired by the rules to 
call a ''ball" on every ball which the pitcher either fails 
to send in over the home base, or not within the legal 
range of the batsman's knee and shoulder. The ball must 
be over the base and within range, or it becomes a called 
ball, and four such called balls give the batsman his base. 
To be within legal range the ball must pass below the 
line of the batsman's shoulder and above the line of his 
knee. 

A Change of Pace. — This is done whenever the pitcher 
changes the speed of his delivery from fast to slow, or 
vice versa. But the change, to be useful as a strategic 
point of play, must be thoroughly disguised from the 
batsman or all its effect is lost. 

A Change of Pitchers. — This is done when the captain 
of the team finds that the delivery of his pitcher is being 
badly ''punished." Changing pitchers requires consider- 
able judgment on the part of the captain, who should be 
quite sure that the batsmen are really "punishing" the 
pitcher, and that the fault is not that of poor field support 
of the pitching. In making a change, the succeeding 
pitcher should be one with a distinctly different method 
of delivery from :nat of his predecessor. 

Chances Offered. — A chance for an ''"out'' is oft'ered the 
field side by the batsmar whenever he hits the ball in the 
air, or on the ground within fair reach of the fielder. 
If the chance is accepted the fielder either gets the credit 
of a catch, or for assisting to put out a runner at a base, 
or for actually putting out such runner. 

Command of the Ball. — This term refers to one of the 
essential points of first-class pitching, viz., thorough com- 
mand of the ball in delivery. 

Curving the Ball. — To be able to curve the ball in its 
delivery is one of the peculiarities of Base Ball pitching. 
The curves are produced by imparting a rotary motion 
to the ball as it leaves the hand. 



38 SPALDlNG^S ATHLETIC LIBRARIT. 

Cutting the Corners. — This term applies to the delivery 
of the ball by the pitcher in stich way that it just pa ^ st- 
over the corner of the home-plate. It is a dimcu.r 
for the umpire to judge correctly. 

.-i Drop Bali — This is one of the most effective balls of 
a strategic pitcher's delivery, and it is the most dimculr 
curve to make; the rotary motion given the bal. causes 
it to fall, in the line of its delivery, just before reachmg 
the base. 

Head-zi'ork. — This is a very comprehensive term, and 
means a great deal in all tield sports, but especial!}- :n 
Base Ball, as without "head-work" in a player's methods 
team-work play by the nine is out of the question. In 
pitching, ''head-work" means skill in strategic play in the 
position. 

An Illegal Delivery. — This term belongs exclusively to 
the rule governing the pitching. An illegal delivery of 
the ball to the bat is made whenever the pitcher fails to 
have his pivot foot in direct contact with the rubber plate 
of his position. A similar balk, too, is m.ade when the 
pitcher takes more than one step in his delivery and then 
throws the ball to the batsman. 

The Pitchers Position. — This is defined by a rubber 
plate 24 inches in length by 6 inches in widrh. wuli its 
front line distant 60.5 feet from the home plate. 

A Raise Ball. — Hard to pitch, and in which the ball 
appears to float upward nearmg the batter. 

A Spit Ball. — This is a method of imparting a shoot to 
the ball, when delivering it to the bat, in pitching, by the 
use of saliva. The ball is given an eccentric motion 
through the air, very puzzling to the batsman. The "spit" 
i)all, however, is not only difficult to command, but it 
brings into play unused muscles of the arm. and is gen- 
c'.rally obnoxious. 

A Wild PiteJi. — A ball thrown wildly out of the fair 
reach of the batsman, either to the right or left of his posi- 
tion, over his head, or close to the ground, is a wild pitch 
and a battery error, and no passed ball can be charged tc 
the catcher on such wild pitched ball. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIO LIBRAaX. 



TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE 
TO BATTING 

Bases on Hits. — A base is earned by a hit whenever the 
batsman hits the ball to the infield or outfield out of the 
legitimate reach of a fielder. A base is also earned by a 
hit ball which goes to the infielder so swiftly that he is 
unable to field it to the base player in time for an out ; 
also, in the case of a swift line ball from the bat which 
the fielder is unable to hold on account of its speed. All 
such hits are base hits and earn bases. 

Bases by Errors. — The list of errors which yield bases 
are those known as fielding errors and those classed as 
*'battery" errors. The former include dropped' fly balls, 
wild throws — either overhead or on the bound — muffed and 
fumbled balls, and plain failures to judge balls offering 
easy chances for catches. The latter errors include wild 
pitches, bases on balls, pitched ball hitting batsmen, and 
balls passing the catcher on which bases are run. 

Bases on Balls. — The batsman is entitled to take one base 
every time the umpire calls "four balls," and also every 
base runner who is thereby forced to leave the base he 
occupies. 

Batsman's Position. — Rule 38, governing this position, is 
as follows : 

''Each player of the side at bat shall become the bats- 
man and must take his position w^ithin the batsman's lines 
(as defined in Rule 8) in the order that his name appears 
in his team's batting list." 

Batting in Base Runners. — This is a marked feature of 
"team work at the bat." To forward base runners is the 
object aimed at by every batsman who "plays for his side" 
in batting. He does this by striving his utmost for a base 
hit, and next to that his effort is to bunt the ball so that, if 
it fails to earn a base, it will oblige the fielder to throw 
the batter out at first base, and thereby enable the runner 



40 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



on first to reach second base safely, this constituting a 
"sacrifice" hit. 

Bases on Balks. — Whenever the umpire calls a "balk,"' 
every occupant of a base — except the batsman — is entitled 
to take a base without being put out, 

A Base on Batsman Hit by Pitched Ball. — The batsman 
is entitled to take a base whenever he is hit by a pitched 
ball, provided that he has previously tried his best to avoid 
being so hit. It matters not where the ball hits him, or 
if it only touches his clothing. 

Batsman a Base Runner. — The batsman becomes a base 
runner under the following circumstances: i. The mo- 
ment he hits a ball to fair ground. 2. Directly after the 
umpire calls "third strike." 3. Also w^hen the umpire calls 
''four balls." 4. When his person is hit by a pitched ball, 
provided he strives his utmost to avoid being so hit. 

A Bounder. — This term applies to a ball sent from the 
bat to the field on the bound. 

Bunting the Ball. — A "bunt" hit is made when the bats- 
man simply holds the bat up to meet the thrown ball, thereb}^ 
allowing the ball to rebound from the bat to the ground. 

Rule 47 thus describes a bunted ball : 

A "bunt" hit is a legally batted ball, not swung at, but 
met with the bat and tapped slowly within the infield by 
the batsman. If the attempt to bunt result in a foul not 
legally caught, a strike shall be called by the umpire. 

Clean Hits. — A clean hit is made when there is no possi- 
ble chance offered the fielders either for a catch or a 
pick-up. 

A Daisy Cutter. — This term is applied to a ball hit along 
the ground, cutting the grass, as it were, as it proceeds. 
It is a telling hit. 

A Fair Hit Ball. — Rule 44 thus defines a fair hit ball : 
*'A Fair Hit is a legally batted ball that settles on fair 
ground between home and first base or between home and 
third base or that is on fair ground when bounding to the 
outfield past first or third base or that first falls on fair 
territory beyond first or third base or that while on or 
over fair ground, touches the person of the umpire or a 
player." 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



41 



Failing to Take Position. — Every batsman should re- 
member the order of batting, and be in readiness, bat m 
hand, to take his position at the bat when called upon by 
the umpire, prior to which he must be seated on the bench. 
Should he forget the order and allow a succeeding bats- 
man to take his place, and the error be not discovered 
before he has completed his turn at bat, the batsman who 
failed to bat in his turn is out. 

A Foul Hit Ball— Rule 45 thus defines a foul hit ball: 
"A foul hit is a legally batted ball that settles on foul terri- 
tory between home and first base or home and third base, 
or that bounds past first or third base on foul territory or 
that falls on foul territory bei'ond first or third base or 
while on or over foul ground, touches the person of the 
umpire or a player." 

Rule 46 states that a "foul tip" is a ball batted by the 
batsman while standing within the lines of his position^ 
that goes sharp and direct from the bat to the catcher's 
hands and is legally caught. 

A Force. — A ''force" is made when the batted ball is 
sent to the held in such a way as to enable a fielder to 
put any runner out, who, by the hit of the batsman, has 
been obliged to vacate his base. It is possible to make a 
triple play on three force outs when a fair hit is made 
while all three of the bases are occupied. 

A Force Hit. — A "force hit" is made when the batted 
ball is sent to the field in such a way as to enable a fielder 
to put any runner out, whether compelled to advance or 
not. 

Striking Out. — This is the act of being put out on "called 
strikes," and. as a rule, it shows weak batting ; but it is 
also a result of skillful, strategic pitching, 

A Sacrifice Hit. — This is a hit which is part and parcel 
of "team work at the bat." and at times it is of as much 
advantage as a base hit. For instance, a runner is at third 
base and another at first base, with one man out, and the 
batsman deliberately sacrifices his own chance to insure 
a score being made and the advancement of the runner 
from first to second. No sacrifice hit can be credited to a 
batsman on a force out. 



42 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE 
TO FIELDING 

All Assist. — A fielder is credited with an ''assist" in the 
score whenever he throws the ball well enough to a base 
player to afford the latter an opportunity to put the run- 
ner out, and the assist is to be credited, even if the base 
player fails to hold the thrown ball. A fielder is also to 
be credited with an assist if he handles the ball in the case 
of a "run-out" between the bases, or if he partially stops 
a hard hit ball and thereby gives another fielder a chance 
to throw the runner out. 

Base Players. — ^There are three basemen or base players 
in a nine, viz., the first, second and third basemen, the 
catcher almost invariably covering the home base, though 
the pitcher does that once in a while, as the shortstop does 
the other positions in case of need. 

Deep Field. — This term is applied to the far outfield, 
whether to the left, center or right field. 

A Double Play. — A double play is made whenever the 
fielders put out two opponents of the batting side between 
the time the ball is delivered to the bat and its being again 
in the hands of the pitcher ready for re-delivery. 

This incident of a ''double play" is peculiar to the game 
of Base Ball, it being unknown in Cricket or in any other 
field game of ball. 

A Dropped Fly Ball. — A fly ball, dropped out of the 
hands of a fielder before being "momentarily held," as the- 
rule requires, or a thrown ball dropped after being thrown 
to a base player on the fly and within fair reach, is a field- 
ing error. 

A Fly Catch. — This catch is made when the ball is 
caught and held in a legal way — if only momentarily — ^be- 
fore touching the ground, whether it be ^ fair ball or a foul 
ball. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

A Foul-Tip Catch. — This is a catch of a foul ball which 
goes to the catcher sharp from the bat. The penalty of a 
foul-tip, which is caught, is the call of a strike by the um- 
pire, the catch of the ball not yielding an out, as it for- 
merly did, unless it be the third strike. 

Forced Off. — A base runner is said to be "forced off"' 
a base whenever he is followed in the base running by a 
runner who has made a fair hit, or been sent to his base 
on balls and who has thereby forced a runner off, which 
latter forces off the runner who preceded him. 

A Fumbled Ball — A fumbled ball is a fielding error. It 
occurs when the ball, having been partially stopped, but not 
held by the fielder, is fumbled in the eft'ort to pick it up for 
the throw to a base. 

A Flot Ball. — This is a very hard-hit ball, and when, if a 
hot liner, it is either not held on the fly, or, if a hot 
bounder, is only partially stopped by the fielder, the latter 
is excused from an error, and a base hit should be credited 
the batsman. 

Infielders. — The infielders, as a team, comprise the three 
base players and the shortstop ; but the two battery play- 
ers — pitcher and catcher — are also infielders. 

The Infield. — The infield of a ball ground comprises the 
diamond field and its immediate vicinity. 

Juggling the Ball. — A ball is said to be "juggled" when 
it is partially caught and rebounds from a fielder's hands 
before being "momentarily held." Until so held no runner 
can legally leave a base on an alleged catch, because the 
ball is kept from the ground but not actually caught. 

A Muffed Ball. — A ball is said to be "muffed" when the 
fielder fails to catch a fly ball or a thrown ball. 

A Passed Ball. — A passed ball is recorded whenever a 
base is run from a dropped or muffed ball by the catcher, 
or from his allowing any ball to pass him which is not a 
wild pitch or a base on balls. i\o passed ball can be 
charged unless a base is run on the error. 

A Pick-Up. — This term is applied to a clean handling of 
a sharply hit ball, especially if a b'^under. It is a piece of 
fine, sharp fielding. 



44 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



A Quick Return. — This term applies to the quick return 
of the pitched ball to the pitcher by the catcher, so as to 
enable the pitcher to catch the batsman napping. 

Run Out. — A base runner is said to be "run out" when 
he is caught between the bases and runs backward and 
forward to avoid being touched out while off a base. Run- 
ners from first to second, when a runner is on third base, 
and only one hand out. frequently run the risk of being 
run out, in order to afford the runner on third a chance to 
get home on the play. 

A Running Catch. — This is a catch which is one of the 
most attractive features of fine fielding, but it requires 
sound judgment and sure catching ability to excel in it. 

Short Field. — This is the space of ground occupied by 
the shortstop, who. by the way. is the roving player of the 
infield, who stands ready to coA'er second base, or that of 
any other infield position when occasion may require. 

A Trapped Ball. — A trapped ball play is made when run- 
ners are on bases, and a "pop-up" fly ball is expected to be 
caught. Each runner holding a base is at once forced to 
leave on the hit and the fielder, following the ball to the 
ground, but not catching it. smothers it with his hands 
when it strikes the ground. A trapped ball fails of its 
purpose when a technical inheld fly is called. 

hifield Fly. — A technical situation announced by the 
umpire when, with runners on first and second, or on 
first, second and third, and less than two out, the batsman 
hits up a fly that any of the infielders can handle. The 
batsman is instantly out the moment the umpire calls the 
infield fly, whether the ball is actually caught or not. The 
batsman does not run to first and the base-runners are 
not compelled to advance. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



45 



TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE 
TO BASE-RUNNING 

A Base Runner. — The batsman becomes a base runner in 
six different ways. i. Instantly after he makes a fair hit. 
2. Instantly after the umpire calls "four balls." 3. In- 
stantly after the umpire calls "three strikes." 4. In- 
stantly . after he is hit by a pitched ball, provided he has 
made no attempt to strike at it and has made a plain effort 
to avoid being hit. 5. If the catcher interferes with his 
attempt to hit a pitched ball. 6. If a fair hit ball strikes 
the person or clothing of a base-runner or umpire on fair 
ground. 

Base Stealing. — A stolen base is to be credited to a run- 
ner, after reaching first base as follows : "Whenever he 
advances a base unaided by a base hit, a put-out, a fielding 
or a battery error. No stolen base is credited, however, 
when, in case a double or a triple steal is attempted either 
runner is put out; when a runner over-slides a base in 
the attempt to steal and is touched out on the far side ; or 
when he is clearly blocked off of a base and is able to 
gain it eventually because the fielder blocking him muffs 
the ball thrown to him to make the put out. If a player 
starts to steal before a battery error is made, credit him 
with a stolen base." 

If a runner starts to steal a base, and the catcher throws 
the ball wild in consequence, the runner gets credit for 
stealing one base, but not for taking the next base on the 
wild throw. 

A Clean Steal. — This is a base stolen without the aid of 
an error by any fielder. 

Coaching. — This is the term applied to the method of 
aiding base runners to steal bases, through verbal direc- 
tions from the player appointed to stand back of first or 
third base to "coach" runners. It does not, however, in- 



4a 



SPALDING'S AO^HLEriC LIBRARY. 



elude noisy demonstrations and personal remarks to op- 
posing fielders, commonly in vogue in badly managed 
teams. 

Rule 58 states that : "The coacher shall be restricted 
to coaching the base runner only, and shall not address 
remarks except to the base runner, and then only in words 
of assistance and direction in running bases. He shall 
not, by words or signs, incite or try to incite the specta- 
tors to demonstrations, and shall not use language which 
will in any manner refer to or reflect upon a player of the 
opposite club, the umpire or the spectators. Not more 
than two coachers, who must be players in the uniform 
of the team at bat, shall be allowed to occup}^ the spa'ce 
between the players' and the coachers' lines, one near first 
and the other near third base, to coach base runners. If 
there be more than the legal number of coachers or this 
rule be violated in an}^ respect the umpire must order the 
illegal coacher or coachers to the bench, and if his order 
be not obeyed w^ithin one minute, the umpire shall assess 
a fine of $5.00 against each offending player, and upon a 
repetition of the offense, the offending player or players 
shall be debarred from further participation in the game, 
and shall leave the playing field forthwith." 

Left on Bases. — Runners are left on bases after earning 
a base by a hit. or by having a base given them by batterv 
or fielding errors, if they are still on bases when the half 
inning ends. 

Over-running Bases. — Only in over-running first base is 
a base runner entitled to hold the base, and if_ he makes 
a palpable attempt to go to second base he is liable to be 
put out. 

Players Running Bases. — All base runners run the risk 
of being put out when not standing on a base, except in the 
case of over-running first base. Players running bases 
are obliged to return to the base they left when the ball 
is hit foul, and also when a fly catch is made. But the 
moment the catch is made, either from a fair or foul hit 
ball, they can leave the base they occupied and try to 
reach the next base safely. When running from base to 
base — except in the case of making a home run — they must 
keep as near to the line between the bases as they can, for if, 
in order to avoid being touched by the ball in the hands of 
a fielder, they run three feet outside of the straight line 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 4? 

between bases, they are out. This rule applies only in the 
case of trying to avoid a fielder with the ball in hand, not 
otherwise. 

Sliding to Bases. — This custom, as a rule, is dangerous 
work; but the risks of injury are run in the hope of se- 
curing a base, likely to be otherwise lost.' There are two 
ways of sliding to bases, viz., head first or feet first. 

A Stolen Base. — Base stealing is an art in itself, and it 
requires head-work in the runner all the time. He has 
not only to w^atch the "battery" players, especially the 
pitcher, but he must be on the alert to get a good start for 
a steal. If a pitcher is at all slow in his movements or 
uses too many motions in his delivery, the runner can 
get a start from him without much difficulty. If the run- 
ner steals a base by reaching it before he is put out, but 
who afterwards is put out through overrunning the base, 
the failure to stop in time offsets the credit of the steal. 

The Squeeze Play. — This is a peculiar point of play in the 
game. It is only attempted when a base runner is on third, 
with none out or one out. Then, too, it requires a brainy 
batsman to be facing the pitcher when the play is attempted, 
and also an expert runner at third base. The play is made as 
follows : As the pitcher moves to deliver the ball to the bat, 
the runner starts as if to steal home. The batsman then 
tries for a fair ''bunt" hit, and if he succeeds, the runner 
is practically sure to reach home safely. If the ball is 
bunted foul, no harm is done to the runner, but if the bats- 
man does not touch the ball, the runner becomes an easy 
victim of the play. 

Taking Bases on Balls. — A base on balls is a "battery'' 
error, though there are times when it becomes a point of 
play to send a skillful batsman to his base on balls, but 
only rarely is, this done. 

Taking Bases on Balks. — All base runners are entitled 
to take bases on balks, whether forced off or not, but the 
batsman cannot take a base on a balk. 



48 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBHAHY. 



TECHNICAL TERMS APPLICABLE 
TO UMPIRING 

ff 

Play, — This is the call of the umpire when he opens a 
contest, and from the time of this call until the end of an 
inning the ball is legally in play unless declared otherwise 
by the umpire. 

Game. — This is the umpire's call when he declares the 
game ended. 

Time. — The umpire calls "Time" only when he suspends 
play for the time being, and the moment the call is made 
the ball ceases to be in pla3^ 

A Half Inning. — A "half inning" is the term at bat of 
the nine players representing a club in a game, and is com- 
pleted when three of such players of a batting side have 
been put out, as provided in the rules. 

No Game. — This term is applied at the close of an inter- 
rupted game in which less than five innings have been 
played. The rule sa3^s " 'No game' shall be declared by 
the umpire if he shall terminate play on account of rain 
or darkness before five innings on each side are completed. 
Except in a case when the game is called, and the club 
second at bat shall have more runs at the end of its fourth 
innings than the club first at bat has made in its hve in- 
nings ; in such case the umpire shall award the game to the 
club having made the greatest number of runs, and it shall 
be a legal game and be so counted in the championship 
record." 

The Suspension of Play—Tht rule (74) governing the 
suspension of play in a game, is as follows : "The umpire 
shall suspend play for the following causes : 

"i. If rain fall so heavily as, in the judgment of the 
umpire, to prevent continuing the game, in which case he 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



49 



shall note the time of suspension, and should rain fall 
continuously for thirty minutes thereafter he shall termi- 
nate the game. 

"2. In case of an accident which incapacitates him or 
a player from service in the field, or in order to remove 
from the grounds any player or spectator who has vio- 
lated the rules, or in case of fire, panic or other extra- 
ordinary circumstances. 

"3. In suspending pla}^ from any legal cause the umpire 
shall call 'Time' ; when he calls 'Time', play shall be sus- 
pended until he calls 'Play' again, and during the in- 
terimi no player shall be put out, base be run or run be 
scored. Time shall not be called by the umpire until the 
ball be held by the pitcher while standing in his position." 

Called to the Bat. — Should the succeeding batsman fail 
to take his place at bat promptly the umpire calls for the 
batsman, and if he fails to take his position within one 
minute after the umpire has so called, he is declared 
out. (Section 2 of Rule 51.) 

The Umpire's Legal Calls. — The umpire is required by 
the rules to call every "Dead Ball," every ''Strike," "Foul 
Ball" "Block Ball," '"Balk," and all balls not over the 
plate or within legal range as a "ball." But he cannot call 
a "ball" or a "strike" until the ball passes the home base. 
He must also call ''infield" or "outfield" fly whenever the 
ball is likely to be caught or touched in the air by an 
infielder, when first and second or first, second and third 
are occupied, with less than two out. 

Reversing Decisions. — No decision rendered by the um- 
pire shall be reversed by him in which the question of an 
error of judgment is alone involved. This renders kick* 
ing against such decisions worse than useless, 



50 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



GENERAL TECHNICAL TERMS 

Amateurs. — An amateur Base Ball player is one who 
does not pla}' ball for "money, place or emolument."" All 
college club players rank as amateurs when subject to their 
college faculty rules, not otherwise. No player, however, 
who accepts money or its equivalent for his services can 
rank as an amateur ball player. 

An Artist. — Webster delines the word "artist" as ap- 
plicable to a person who is "skilled in some art."' There- 
fore, a skillful ball player is an artist in his peculiar line. 

The Battery. — This is a term applied to the pitcher and 
catcher of a team. It is the main attacking force of the 
little army of nine players in the field in a contest. 

Base Lines. — These are the lines defining the location of 
the four bases on the diamond field. 

A Bloek Bali— Rule 37. section says ''A block ball 
is a batted or thrown ball that is touched, stopped or 
handled by any person not engaged in the game. 

**Sec. 2. Whenever a block occurs the umpire shall de- 
clare it,, and the base runners may run the bases withotit 
being put out tmtil the ball has been returned to and held 
by the pitcher standing in his position. 

"Sec. 3. If the person not engaged in the game should 
retain possession of the ball, or throw or kick it be^'ond 
the reach of the fielders, the umpire should call 'Time' and 
require each base runner to stop at the last base touched 
by him until the ball be returned to the pitclier standing 
in his position and the umpire shall have called 'Play.' 

The Rubber. — This is the term given the pitcher's po- 
sition. Sometimes spoken of as "the slab." 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



51 



The Box. — This is the term given to the position the 
batsman occupies. Often wrongfully applied to the 
pitcher's rubber or slab, 

A Fa7i.— This is a term applied to a patron of the game, 
whose partisanship is so pronounced as to amount lo fanati- 
cism, hence the word Fan. 

Hit and Run. — This is a term applicable to a point of 
play in the game in which a combination of team work 
at the bat and brainy base-running is brought into play 
with telling effect. John ]\L Ward thus describes how it 
was practically exemplitied in 1893 by Xash. Duffy and 
McCarthy, of the champion Boston team of that year 

'^Say, for instance, that they have a man on first and 
nobody out. Under the old style of play a sacrifice would 
be the proper thing. Then the man on first would reach 
second while the batsman was put out. The Bostons, 
however, work this scheme : The man on first makes a 
bluff to steal second, but runs back to first. By this it be- 
comes known whether the second baseman or the shortstop 
is going to cover second for the throw from the catcher. 
Then the batsman gets a signal from the man on first 
that he is going to steal on a certain pitched ball. The 
moment he starts for second the batsman just pushes the 
ball for the place occupied only a moment before by the 
infielder who has gone to cover second base. That is, if 
the second baseman covers the bag the batter pushes the 
bail slowly to right field : if it is the shortstop, the ball is 
pushed to left field. Of course, it takes a skillful player 
to do this, but they have such hitters on the Boston nine. 
Now, when that ball is pushed to the outfield, the man 
who has already started to steal second just keeps right on 
to third, while the batsman is safe at first. Then the 
trick is tried over again, and in most cases successfully. 
The man on first makes another bluff to steal, and when 
the batsman learns who is to cover second base he pushes 
the ball out again, the man on third scoring, the man on 
first reaching third, and the batsman gaining first.'' 

''Play Ball." — This is now one of the most familiar terms 
of the whole code of technical terms used m the game. It 
simply means that the players at once throw aside mere 
''playing ball for the fun of it," and devote then^selves to 
earnest work in the game. 



52 Si>ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRABt. 



HOW TO SCORE 

By THE J^ATE Henry Chadwick, " Father of Base Ball." 

To score a game of Base Ball is a very easy matter indeed, 
if the object in vi^w is simply, to ascertain which of the con- 
testing sides wins; but to score a game for the purpose of 
making up a complete analysis of each player's work at the bat 
and in the field, is quite a different matter. For the former 
purpose the record of the outs and runs, and the runs made 
in each innings, amply sufhces ; but for the latter object a full 
record of all the chances ofi:'ered and accepted for making runs 
and putting players out. and of all the base hits made, and of 
how batsmen and base runners reach bases and score runs, 
together with all the errors committed by the bat-men and 
fielders are necessary. To score these latter particulars with as 
much brevity, rapidity and accuracy in detail as possible, con- 
stitutes efiicient scoring. How to score properly is what we 
shall endeavor to sliow the reader of this chapter on scoring. 

To take down in writing every play made in a game necessi- 
tates the use of a system of shordiand, which, of course, dift'ers 
from the work of the phonographist to the extent that sound 
difi'ers from movements. Over fifty years ago we prepared a 
system of shorthand for the movements of contestams in a 
Base Ball match, which system is now familiar to every scorer 
in the country. The abbreviations of this system were pre- 
pared on the iiiJioiiojiiiS plan of connecting the abbreviated 
words in some way or other with the movement to be described, 
so as to allow the memory to be aided by what was already 
familiar to it, without trusting alone to an arbitrary remem- 
brance of each distinct sign. A\'e began with the first three 
letters of the alphabet to indicate the first three bases ; then 
we adopted the first or last letter of the word to be recorded, 
so as to make it familiar, thus using F for the word "fiy," and 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



53 



L for the word "fouL" H for "home base," R O for "run-out," 
K for "struck out," as it was the promiPxent letter of the w'ord 
strike, as far as remembering the word vras concerned. This 
was the principle of the system, and it was carried out m fur- 
ther abbreviations. 

jSelow^ will be found our regular method of scoring which 
was indorsed by the National Association of i860, and practised 
by the best scorers in the country. 

TO SCORE THE BATTING. 

AVnen the players take their positions in the field, and the 
game commences, all the scorer has to do to record the par- 
ticulars of the batting, is the moment a run is secured, to put 
down a dot (•) in the corner of the square opposite the name 
of the Datsman making the run ; and when an out is made ali 
he has to do is to mark down the figure i for the first out, 
2 for the second out, and 3 for the third. By way of check- 
ing the score he can also record each run at the end of the 
score of each batsman, so that the batsman's total score at the 
end of each innings can be seen at a glance. 

When the innings terminate, add up the total dots or runs 
recorded, and mark the figure underneath the column of the 
innmgs, and underneath this figure record the grand total at 
the close of each innings. Thus suppose 3 runs are scored in 
the tirst innings, and 2 in the second, and 3 in the third, under 
the total figure of the second innings you mark down 5, and 
under the total figure of the third innings you mark down the 
figure 8 ; by this means 3^ou can tell at a glance wdiat the total 
score of a player or of an innings is at any time during the 
game. The above rule is simply the method of scoring the 
runs and outs made, without the particulars of the fielding or 
any record of bases made on hits. 

One special feature of this Spalding copyright method of ours 
in scoring in Base Ball is the nuiiibcring of the players of each 
respective team in their regular baiting order, thereby plainly 



54 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEARY. 



designating each of the nine pla3'ers in the field by his number 
in the batting order. By this means a fielder's number from 
I to 9 can readily be known as the one who made an assist 
or a put-out, or who commits a fielding error, no matter what 
change of position in the field is made. This change of position 
cannot possibly be made with the facility of designating the 
particular fielder by recording his number by that of his posi- 
tion as it can be by recording the figure of the order of bat- 
ting, as his position in the field is frequently changed, while 
that of his batting order is never changed during the game, ex- 
cept when a new player is added to the team, in which case he 
becomes No. lo. 

For instance, the college club rule of figures for the players 
is that of No. i, for the pitcher; No.. 2, for the catcher, and 
so on from first, second and third basemen to shortstop, left 
fielder, center fielder and right fielder, while the professional 
figures are used according to the order of batting. 

When the two nines have been chosen and are present, the 
scorer records their names in the book as follows : On the left- 
hand page he places the names of one nine under the head of 
''batsman" and of the other nine under the head of ''fielders," 
the batter being marked by figures i to 9 in accordance with 
their batting order. This order is reversed on the right-hand 
page, the fielders becoming the batsmen and the batsmen the 
fielders. This being done, he then records the date of the match 
and name of the grounds it is played on, this being recorded 
over the heading of the "innings." When the umpire is se- 
lected, and the players are ready to begin the game, the moment 
the umpire calls "play"' the scorer records the time the call was 
made over the heading of the "batsmen," who begin the game, 
and the names of this side are the first to be put down when 
the score is made at the close of the game. The moment the 
batsman hits a ball and is put out, the scorer records the out 
by simply writing the figure i in the square of the first innings, 
opposite the batsman's name. 

In scoring a game in an ordinary score-book, each fielder is 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



55 



numbered from one to nine, and in recording by whom players 
are put out, these figures are used to indicate the name of the 
fielder. Thus, if the first-named pla3'er on the list is the 
catcher, the first catch he makes behind on a foul fiy is recorded 
I L-F, viz., put out by i on a foul (L), fly (F). The whole 
record of a game by this system is done simply by dots, figures 
and letters. Dots for runs, figirfes for the outs, players' names 
and bases players are left on, together with the total scores, 
and letters as abbreviations of the w^ords used to indicate the 
manner in wdiich a player is put out. In wTiting down the 
positions of the fielders, all that is requisite is to use the in- 
itial letter for each position, thus C for catcher, P for pitcher, 
etc. In recording the center field, however, we use M instead 
of C, recording it as ''middle field," as C is for catcher. 

Suppose the fielders in their places and the batsman in his, 
and the scorers ready to record the game. 'Tlay" is called, 
and the time of beginning the game at once recorded. 
The striker then hits a ball, which is caught on the fiy 
by the left fielder, who is the seventh striker, we will say, 
on the other side. On the square of the first innings op- 
posite the striker you first write down the figure i, indicat- 
ing the first hand out, and above it write the figure 7 and 

the letter F, and your record will then appear thus : : 7-F : 

: I : 

the 7 representing the nam.e of the fielder, and the letter F the 
initial of the word fly, showing by whom and in w^hat manner 
the player was put out. 

A (•) is used to score a run; while small figures — ist, 2d and 
3d — are used to indicate left on bases. A, B, C, represent the 
first three bases, and all the other abbreviations are either the 
first or last letters of the words abbreviated. Thus, we give the 
first letters of fly, tip, run-out, and home run, and the last 
letters of foul, and struck, as w^e have already used F for fly; 
and the letter K, in struck, is easier to remember in conne^^tion 
with the word than S. 



56 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



SINGLE-LETTER ABBREVL\TIOXS. 

The single-letter abbreviations we use are as follows : 
A — For First Base. 
B — For Second Base. 
C — For Third Base. 
H— For Home Plate. 

These indicate the several bases only, the following being 
otherwise used : 

F— For Catch of Fly Ball. 
K — For Struck Out. 
L— For Foul Balls. 

]\I — For ^Middle Field position, viz., Center Field. 
P— For Passed BaUs. 
S — For ''Sacrifice Hits." 



DOUBLE-LETTER ABBREVLATIOXS, 

The double-letter abbreviations are as follows : 

AB— For At Bat. 

BB— For Bases on Balls. 

EC — For Fielder's Choice. 

LF— For Foul Fly Catch. 

HR— For Home Run. 

RO— For Run Out. 

LK — For Foul Strike. 

TF— For Tip Fly Ball 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



BATTING SIGNS. 



Abbreviations used in battuig differ from the letter signs, as 
will be seen below. 



^ for a three-base hit, and to show where the ball was hit, 
we added a dot to the cross so as to indicate the part of the field 
the ball was sent to. Thus a hit to left field for one base is 



The signs we use for Fielding movements are as given below : 

A high-thrown wide ball is indicated thus, , the line 

being for the throw and the dot above for the high ball. The 
low-thrown wide ball is similarly indicated, only the ball is 
placed under the line, thus "i- , 

A half circle shows a wild-pitched ball, thus ^ . A dropped 
fly ball with a dot in the center, thus © . A double play 
by the following sign, ) . A batsman hit by a pitched ball 

by the word "hit." A muffed ball by ® . 

The base-running signs are as follows : St for stolen base, 
Jstj 2d and 3d for left on bases, the figures showing what bases 
the runners were left on. 

It will be seen at a glance that the mnemonic system is 
frequently used in the makeup of the abbreviations ; that is, the 
use of signs one is familiar with in the place of mere arbitrary 
signs. 





FIELDING SIGNS. 



BOOKS FOR ATHLETES 



RED COVER" 
No. 17R 



SERIES 



OLYMPIC 
GAMES 



By J. E. Sullivan, American 
Commissioner to the Olympic 
Oames, Stockholm, Sweden, 
1912. The only book that contains all the 
records made in Sweden, with winners at 
previous Olympiads and best Olympic 
records; list of members of the American 
team ; how the team trained on the 
Finland, which was chartered especially 
to convey the athletes, and incidents of 
the trip; ceremonies at the opening, and 
other interesting accounts. Profusely 
illustrated with scenes at Olympic Games 
and pictures of prominent competitors. 

PRICE 25 CE!VTS. 




SPALDING ATHLETIC UBR/" ' 
> XII. No. 331 



SCHOOLYARD 
ATHLETICS 



By J. E. Sullivan, Secretary- 
Treasurer Amateur Athetic 
Union and Member Board of 
Education of Greater New York. The. 
great interest in athletics developed in 
public schools led to the compilation of 
this book with a view to systematizing 
events that form distinctive athletic fea- 
tures of school recreation. With its aid a 
teacher should be able to conduct meets. 
Directions given for becoming expert in 
various lines will appeal to the pupil. 
Chapters by leading athletes. Illustrated 
with photos taken in public school yards. 

PRICE 10 CENTS. 




NEW THINGS IN 
ATHLETICS 

If you want to know what is 
new and correct for 1914 in 
Track and Field Athletics, Base 
Ball, Tennis, Golf or any other 
pastime, send for a copy of 
the new 

Spalding 
Spring and Summer 
Sports Catalogue 

It contains pictures and prices 
of everything needed for ath- 
letic sport. Mailed free. 



nntPTATTENTlOllGiVBI 
IliUIYJCOiniQIIiCATIONS 



A.G.SPALDING &.BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPinEUSTOFSTORESl 

ONINSiOEFBONTCOYnr 
OF THIS BOOl 



i 



s'SStRTHE SPALDING 




TKe Spalding 
^Official National League" Ball 

PATENT CORK CENTER 

PATENTED AUGUST 31, 1909 



Adopted by The National 
League in 1878 and is the 

only ball used in Champion- 
ship games smce that time 
and, as made now with 
Patent Cork Center, has been 
adopted for twenty years 
more, making a total adop- 
tion of fifty-four years. 





This ball has the SPALDING 
"PATENT" CORK CEN- 
TER, the same as used 
smce August 1, 1910. without 
change in size of cork or 
construction. Same ball ex- 
actly as used in World Series 
Games of 1910. 1911. 1912 
and 1913. 

VT^ 1 [Each, . - $L25 
INO. 1 1 Per Dozen, $15.00 

Each ball wrapped in tinfoii, paciced in a separate box, and sealed 
in accordance with the latest. League regulations. Warranted to last 
a full game when used under ordinary conditions. 

THE SPALDING "OFFICIAL NATIONAL LEAGUE" BALL 
HAS BEEN THE OFFICIAL BALL OF THE 
GAME SINCE 1878 

Spalding Complete Calalogne oi Athletic Goods Mailed f ree. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN 1 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO U? 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES M AlXJLABGE CITIES 



COMPIETE LIST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



Pricci in effect January 5 , I9I'4. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Calalosue. 



suBSTfTUTE THE SPALDING 




TIttO[«RK"Sr 



Spalding' 
"Official National League" Jr. Ball 

Reg:.U.S Pat.Off. 

PATENT CORK CENTER 

Patented Aiigust 31, 1909 

Made with horse liide cover an<? in 
every respect, including patent cork 
center, same as our "Official National 
League" fe^dl:) Ball No. 1. except 
slightly smaller in size. Especially de- 
signed for junior cluts (composed of 
boys under 1 6 years of age) and all 
games in which this ball is used will be 
recognized as legal games. Warranted 
to last a fvill game when used under 

ordineiry conditions. 
No. Bl. "Official National League" Jr. 

Ke..a.S.P.t.O.. ^^^^ 





Spalding' 
Double Seam 
League Ball 

Pure Para Rubber Center 

Sewed with double seam, rendenng it 
doubly secure against ripping. The 
most durable ball made. Horse hide 
cover, pure Para rubber center, wound 
with best all-wool yarn. Warranted to 
last a full game when used under 
ordinary- conditions, but usually good 

for two or more garnes. 
No. 0. Each, $1.25 Dozen, $15.00 



Spalding Complete Catalogue ol Athletic Goods Mailed Free» 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN I 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE LIST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVEfi 
OF THIS BOOK 



'Pikabtiftcl /amarjf 191^ Sdiwt(9dm^v^htv^rl^^0b For Canadian ^ioo m ^>ead Cmodi^ C^al<^ 



SfrSTHESRlLD* 



{Spalding jCea^ue 
Slubber Center j 



Spaldin^r League 
Rubber Center Ball 
No. IRC. Horse hide cover, 
pure Para rubber center, 
wound with best wool yarn ; 
double stitched red and green, 
_Each.$1.00 Doz,$ 12.00 





Spalding 
City League 

No. L4. Horse hide cover, 
and rubber center wound 
with yarn. Full size and 
weight. Very well made. 
Each,75c. Doz.,$9.00 



Spalding National 
Association Jr. 

No.B2. Horse hide cover, 
pure Para rubber center 
wound with yarn. Slightly 
under regulation size. 

Each. 75c. 



Abovft ball* wai ranted lo last a full game when used under ordinary conditions^ 

Spalding Professional 

No. 2. Horse hide cover , full size. Care- 
X fully selected material ; first-class quality. 
\In separate box and sealed. Each, SOc 

Spalding Public School League 

No. B3. Junior size, horse hide cover, rub- 
ber center wound with yarn For prac- 
tice by boys' teams. . Each, 50c. 

Spalding Lively Boundo? 

No. lO. Horse hide cover Inside is 
all rubber, liveliest ball ever offered. In 
separate box and sealed. Each, 25Ce 

Spalding Junior Professional 

No. 7B. Slightly under regular size. 
Horse hide cover, very lively. Perfect 
boys' size ball. In separate box and 
sealed. ....... Each, 25c, 

\ Spalding King of the Diamond 

/\No. 5. Full-size, good material, horse 
J hide cover In separate box. Each, 25c. 

7 Spalding Boys' Favorite Ball 

No. 12. Lively, two-piece cover. Dozen, 
balls in box. ..... Each, 10c, 





Spalding Boys* Amateur Ball 

No. 11. Nearly regulation size and 
weight. Best for the money on market. \ 
Dozen balls in box. . . Each, lOc* 

Spalding Rocket Ball 

No. 13. Good bounding ball, boys' size. 
Best 5-cent two-piece cover ball on the 
market. Dozen balls in box. Each, 5c. 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
AOflBESSED TO OS 



A.G.SPALDING &BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVES 
OF THIS BOOK 



Pricej in effect January 1914 Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices ite special Canadian Catalogue 



I 



SSeTHE SPALDING 




Spalding "Players* Autograph" Bats 

No. 100. "Players' Autograph''' Bats, bearing- the signature of the player in 
each case, represent their playing bats in every detail. Made from the finest air 
dried second growth straight grained white ash, cut from upland timber, pos- 
sessing greater resiliency, density, strength and dl'iving qualities than that of 
any other wood. The special oil finish on these bats hardens with age and 
increases the resiliency and dri\ing power of the bat. . . . Each, $1.00 

Ctu-ried in stockin all Spalding stores in the following Models. Mention name of player when ordering. 

AUTOGRAPH MODEL 
Largest and heaviest bat 
(except Meyers special 
y any professionaJ ball player. 




W^hts from 51 to 55 . 



Length 35 in 



CZM-'-y'^/Gl^^a^^ "^^ODEL^" 
^ — ^ Well balanced, com- 
paratively light weight, with sufficient wood 
to give splendid driving power. Weights 
from 36 to 40 ounces. Length 34^ in. 

Very small handle, and balanced so that 
' with a frill swing, terrific driving power 
results. WeighU from 37 to 41 ounces. 

l,ength 35 inches. 

n ^ , » AUTOGRAPH 

-^--^^^-^Sple^d^d^il^odel. 
comparatively small handle, well balanced. 
Weights from 40 to 44 or. Length 35 in. 

^ AUTOGRAPH 

igZ^^ .^d^^^MODEL^^ 
bat with thick handle. WeighU from 44 to 

48 ounces. Length 35 inches. 

.AUTOGRAPH MODEL 
^Different model from 
'that formerly used by 
Clarke, improved in balance, model and 
length. Weights from 39 to 43 ounces. 
Length 34^2 inches. ' , 



r> r-> ^ AUTOGRAPH 
<7 C^^.i^^.^^£^ MODEL 
• ' Short bat, large 

handle, well rounded end. Weights from 



40 to 44 o 



Length 32^ ii 




AUTOGRAPH 
MODEL 
Short bat, small 
. - handle, but body 

quite thick. Weights from 38 to 42 ounces. 
AUTOGRAPH - ^^n^th 32 inches. AUTOGRAPH 

^One"o?S.fbest We Can also supply OH %^.%i4.-The J°?.^ort, 

an around modeU ever produced. Medium SpeCialOrderSDOnlm, // est and lightest bat 

small handle and well distributed striking noL-Qc \^ aayar* o n <4 used by any i>rof es- 

surface. Equally suitable for the full swing ^dKCfa, IVeeier anU sional player. Specially adapted to small 

and for the choke style of batting. Weights EverS ModclS, or light men. Weights from 35 to 39 ounce*, 

from 40 to 45 ounces, X.ensth 34 inches. ' Length 31 inches. 

SPECIAL MADE TO ORDER PLAYERS' MODEL BATS 

We can supply on special orders Model Bats same as we have made for the most 
famous batsmen on National and American League Teams. 



BAKER. Philadelphia, American League . 
CALLAHAN, Chicago, American Leagrue 
DAUBERT. Brooklyn, National League . 
FLETCHER. New York. National League 
HERZOa New York, National League . 
LUDERUS. Philadelphia. National League 



Model B MEYERS, jNew York. National League .... Model M 

Model C OLDRING, Philadelphia, American Leagurf . . Mode! " 

Model D PASKERT, PhUadelphia. National League . . . Mode 

Model F SPEAKER, Boston. American League .... Mode 

Model H THOMAS, Philadelphia, American League . . . ' Mode 

Model L WHEAT. Brooklyn, National Lea^e .... Mode " 



The original models from which we have turned bats for the above players we hold 
at our Bat Factory, making duplicates on special order only. These special order 
bats do not bear the Players' Autographs. We require at least two weeks' time 
for the execution of special bat orders. 

Spalding Special Model Bats. Profe»»ional Oil Finish. Not Carried in Stock. Each, $1.00 

Spalding bats improve with age if properly cared for. Bats made specially to order , should not be 
used for at least thirty (30) days after they tire finished, to give ample time for the oiled finish 
to thoroughly harden. Players should midce it a rule to have two or more bats in reserve at all times. 



PfiOMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 
TaANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED Til OS 



A.G.SPALDiNG (SoBROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



COMPIETEUSTOFSTOKS 
ON INSIDE FBONTCOYEB 
I OF THIS BOOK 



'Piit^ in effect January 5, 191.4. - Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see tbecial Canadian CataUgut 



sStuTeTHE SPALDING 




TRADE-MARK TuiSf 



m 



Spalding "All Star" Model Bats 

No. lOOS. This line for 1914 comprises twelve models specially designed for 
amateur players and selected from models of bats used by over five hundred 
leading batters during the past ten years. Quality of wood used is finest selected 
second growth Northern ash, air dried and treated as follows: yellow stained, 
mottled burnt, carefully filled, finished with best French polish. Each, $1.00 

Furnished in any of the following twelve models— Mention model number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

Model SI— 31 in. 35 to 39 oz. Model S5— 34 in. 40 to 44 oz. Model S9— 35 in. 40 to 45 o». 
Model S2— 34 K in- 40 to 45 oz. Model S6-33 in. 38 to 43 oz. Model Si 0—33 in. 37 to 43 oz. 
Model S3— 31 >^ in. 38to42oz. Model S7-33 in. 37 to 43 oz. Model SU— 35 in. 42 to 46 oz. 
Model S4— 32 >^ in. 40to45oz., . Model S8— 34 in. 39to44oz. Model S12-33 in, 40to44oz. 

Spalding Professional Improved Oil Finish Bats 
No. lOOP. The Spalding Professional Improved Oil Finish as used on this line is 
the result of exhaustive experiments and tests conducted in our bat factory, with 
the assistance of some of the greatest professional players. The timber used is 
identical with that in "Players' Autograph" and "All Star" models. Each, $1.00 

Furnished in any of the following twelve models— Mention model- number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

Model PI— 31 in. 35 to 39 oz. Model P5— 34 in. 40 to 44 oz. Model P9— 34 >^ in. 40 to 45 oz. 
Model P2 -33 in. 38 to 43 oz. Model P6 -35 in. 40 to 44 oz. Model Pi 0—34 in. 38 to 42 oz. 
Model P3— 33 in. 39 to 44 oz. Model P7— 34 in. 39 to 43 oz. Model Pi 1—35 in. 45 to 50 oz. 
Model P4-33 in. 36 to 40 oz. Model P8— 34^in. 38to43 oz, ModelP12— 35 in. 40to45oz. 

Spalding Brown Oil-Tempered Bats 
No. lOOD. These bats are tempered 'in hot oil and afterwards treated with a 
special process which darkens and hardens the surface and has exactly the same 
effect as aging from long service. The special treatment these bats are subjected 
to make them most desirable for players who keep two or three bats in use, as the 
oil gradually works in and the bats keep improving. Line of models has been 
very carefully selected. Timber used is the same as in our ' 'Players' Autograph, " 
"All Star," "Professional Oil Finish" and Gold Medal lines. . . Each, $1,00 

Furnished in any of the following twelve models— Mention model number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

Model Dl— 31 in. 35 to 39 ez. ModelD5— 34 in. 40to44oz. Model D 9— 34>iin, 40 to 45 oz. , 
Model D2— 33 in. 38 Co 43 oz. ModelDS— 35 in. 40to44oz. ModelDlO -34 in. 38to42oz. 
Model D3— 33 in. 39 to 44 oz. Model D7— 34 in. 39to43oz. ModelDll— 35 in. 45to50oz. 
Model D4— 33 in. 36 to 40 oz. Model D8— 3414 in. 38 to 43 oz. Model D 12— 35 in. 40 to 45 oz. 

Spalding Gold Medal Natural Finish Bats 
No. lOOG. Models same as our "Professional Oil Finish," but finished in a high 
French polish, with no staining. Timber is same as in our "Players' Autograph," 
"All Star," and other highest quality lines, and models duplicate in lengths, weights, 
f^tc, the line of Spalding "Professional Oil Finish" styles. . . . Each, $1.00 

Furnished in any of the following twelve models — Mention model number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

Model Nl— 31 in. 35 to 39 oz. Model N5— 34 in. 40 to 44 oz. Model N9— 34>^in. 40toi5oz. 
Model N2— 33 in. 38 to 43 oz. Model N6— 35 in. 40 to 44 oz. Model NlO-34 in. 38 to 42 oz. 
Model N3-^33 in. 39 to 44 oz. Model N7— 34 in. 39 to 43 oz. Model Nil— 35 in. 45 to 50 oz. 
Model N4— 33 in. 36 to 40 oz. Model N8-34|4:in. 38 to 43 oz. Model N12— 35 in. 40 to 45 oz. 

Spalding bats improve with age if properly cared for. Bats made specially to 
order should not be used for at least thirty (30) days after they are finished, to 
give ample time for the oiled finish to thoroughly harden. Players should make 
it a rule to have two or more bats in reserve at all times. 

HOLD BAT PROPERLY AND STRIKE THE BALL WITH THE GRAIN. DON'T BLAME THE 
MAKER FOR A BREAK WHICH OCCURS THROUGH IMPROPER USE OR ABUSE. 

^ Spalding Complete Calalogne of Alhletic Coods Mailgd Free« . 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 
TO^ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDHESSEDTDUS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES , 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FfiOrcOVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



Bn'ccj in effect January 5, 1 9/4. Subject to chanse without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. 



TRADE-MARK 



QUALITY 



I5STHE SPALDING 




Spalding Genuine Natural Oil Tempered Bats 

No. lOOT. Made of the highest qiiaHty, thoroughly, seasoned second growth ash, 
specially selected for resiliency and driving power; natural yellow oil tempered, 
hand finished to a perfect dead smooth surface. We added this line for 1914 to 
give our customers what might really be termed the assortment, 
comprising models that have actually won the American League and National 
League Championships during the past few years Each, $1.00 

Furnisiied in any of the following twelve models — Mention model number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

ModelTl. 33J^in. 36to41oz. Model T5. 32',in. 44to48oz. Model T9. 33 in. 45 to 50 oz. 
ModelT2. 34 in. 39to43oz. Model T6. 34'jin. 41to45oz. ModelTlO. 36 in. 43to47oz. 
Model T3. 35 in. 40to44oz. Model T7. 34 in. 43 to 47 oz. Model Til. 34 in. 37to41oz. 
Model T4. 34><in. 38 to 42 oz. Model T8. 33 in. 45 to 50 oz. Model T12. 35 in. 40 to 45 oz. 

Spalding New Special College Bats 

No. lOOM. An entirely new line, special new finish; special stain and mottled 
burning; carefully filled, finished with best French polish. Wood is finest second 
growth Northern ash, specially seasoned. Models are same as we have supplied 
to some of the most successful college players Each, $1.00 

Furnished in any of the following twelve models — Mention model number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LTINGTH WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

Model Ml. 31 in. 35 to 39 oz' Model MS. 34 in. 40 to 44 oz. Model M9. 35 in. 40 to 45 oz. 
MoJelM2. 34><in. 40to45oz. Model M6. 33 in. 38 to 43 oz. ModelMlO. 33 i.n. 37to43oz. 
ModelMS. 31>iin. 38to42oz. Model M7. 33 in. 37 to 43 oz. ModelMU. 35 in. 42to46oz. 
Model M4. 32;<in. 40 to 45 oz. ModelMS. 34 in. 39 to 44 oz. Model Ml 2. 33 in. 40 to 44 oz. 

Spalding Very Dark Brown Special Taped Bats 

No. lOOB. Very dark brown stained, almost black, except twelve inches of the 
handle left perfectly natural, with no finish except filled and hand-rubbed smooth, 
and then beginning four inches from end of handle, five inches of electric tape, 
wound on bat to produce perfect non-shp grip Each, $1.00 

Furnished in any of the following six models — Mention model number when ordering 

LENGTH WEIGHT LENGTFi WEIGHT LENGTH WEIGHT 

ModelBl. 31in. 35 to 40 oz. Model B3. 32'jin. 40to44oz. Model B5. 34 in. 37 to 41 oz. 
Model 32.* 32 in. 38 to 43 oz. Model B4. 33 in. 39 to 46 oz. Model B6. 34;<in. 37 to 41 oz. 

*Bottle shape. 

Spalding bats improve with age if properly cared for. Bats made specially to 
order should not be used for at least thirty (30) days after they are finished, to 
give ample time for the oiled finish to thoroughly harden. Players should make 
it a rule to have two or more bats in reserve at all times. 

Spalding Trade-Mark Bats 

No. 75. Record. Most popular models, light antique finish. One dozen in a crate 
(assorted lengths from 30 to 35 inches and weights, 36 to 42 ounces). Each,. 75c. 



No. 50M. Mushroom. AatT'ik Plain, special fin- 
ish. Invaluable as an all around bat. Each, 50c. 
No. F. "Fungo." Hardwood. 3S inches long, thin 
model. Professional oil finish. . Each. $1.00 
No. 50 W. "Fungo." Willow, light weight, full 

size bat, plain handle Each, 50c. 

No. 50T. Taped "League" ash, extra quality, 

special finish \ . . Each, 50c. 

No. 50. "League," ash. plain handle. " 50c. 
No. 25. "City League," plain handle. " 25c. 



No. 50B. ' ' Spalding Junior, ' 
special finish. Specially sel- 
ected models ; lengths and 
weights proper for younger 

players Each, 50c. 

No. 25B. "Junior League," 
plain, extra quality ash, spotted 
burning. . . . Each, 25c. 
No. lOB. "Boys' League" Bat, 
good ash, varnished. Ea. , 1 Oc. 



HOLD BAT PROPERLY AND STRIKE THE BALL WITH THE GRAIN. DON'T BLAME THE 
MAKER FOR A BREAK WHICH OCCURS THROUGH IMPROPER USE OR ABUSE. 

Spalding Complete Catalogne oi Athletic Goods Mailed Free. 



PROMPT AHENTION GIVEN 
TOAKY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US I 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES m ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPLETE UST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 
OF THIS BOOK 



'Pricei in effect January 5, 1914. Subject to change wilhoul notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. 



ISSTHESimDIi 




SPALDING CATCHERS^ MITTS 




No. 5-0 



1^0.11-0. "The Giant." Heavy brown leather 

january"2?i906 facc, speclally sHaped and treated. 
Leather laced back. Special "stick-on-the- 
hand' ' strap-and-buckle fastening. Ea. , $ 1 0.00 
No, 10-0. "woa^s.f^ei.*^-" Patented Molded 
jJntT2%06 Face; modeled after ideas o/ greatest 
catchers. Brown calfskin throughout. King 
'Patent Padding (j^'^li, ) . Leather lace ; leather 
strap an.d brass buckle fastening. Ea., $8.00 
No. ip-OP. '•woRLD^sERiEs.- game as No. 10-0. 
^urih M-iln'^ except special perforated palm. King 
Patent Padding (jj;^ls%o). . . Each, $8.00 
No. 9-0. "Three-and-Out." Patented Molded 
janu^rdsos Face; large model. Has deep "pocket," 
no seams or rough places on face. Hair felt pad- 
ding; leather lace; leather strap; brass buckle 
fastening. Larger than No. 10-0. Each, $8.00 
No.9-OP.^ "Three-and-Out." Patented "Per- 
pi!"n,'cd ^^21: i'^! f orated' ' Palm. Other wi se sam e 
as No. 9-0 Mitt. . . \ . , Each, $8.00 
No. 8-0. "Olympic." Palm of special leather 
jan!;ao"2:l9o» that wc put out kst'season in our 
"Broken-In" Basemen's Mitts and Infielders' 
Gloves." Leather prepared so it "holds the 
shape." Leather lace. Hand stitched, formed 

Paddmg , . . . , Each. $7.00 

No. 7-0. "Perfection." Brown calfskin. Patent 
januJiriflgos combination shaped face and Fox 
Patent Padding Pocket (Fcb^™ir";2t 12) so additional 
padding may be inserted. Extra padding 
with each mitt. Leather lace. Each, $6.00 
No. 6-0. "Collegiate." Patented Molded Face. 
j.nufr5"2rl9os Spcclal ollvc colorcd leather, perfectly 
tanned to produce necessary "pocket" with 
smooth surface on face. King Patent Felt 
Padding (j»?io). Padding may be adjusted 
readily. Leather lace. ..." Each, $5.00 
No. 09.^ "Conqueror." Special brown calf, 
"m^Ts'^.-os"'^ bound with black leather. Semi- 
molded face used is a near approach to our 
genuine patented molded face. Hand 'stitched 
felt padding; patent laced back and thumb; 
leather laced; strap-and-buckle fastening. 
Heel of hand piece felt lined. Leather bound 

edges \ . Each, $5.00 

NO; 5.0. "League Extra." Molded Face. 
Novemb'e/3o°1)s Spcclal tanncd buff colored leather, 
soft and pliable, hand formed felt padding. 
Leather bound edges. . . . Each, $4.00 
No. OK. "OK Model." Semi-molded, brown 
horse hide face, black leather side piece, brown 
calf back and finger piece; padded, special hand 
formed and stitched; bound edges. Each, $4.00 



All Styles Made in Right* and Lefts. When Ojrdering for Left Handed Players Specify " Full Right." 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO US 



A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. 

STORES IN ALt LARGE CITIES., 



COMPLETE UST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 
I OF THIS Boot 



Prices in effect January 5, 19 14. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian price* snu special Canadian Catalogue^ 



sub^utcTHESPAIOIHG 




SPALDING CATCHERS' MITTS 



No. 2-0. "Leader." Brown oak leather face^back 
and finger piece, black leather side piece, red lea- 
ther trimming. Padded. Leather lace.Ea., $3.50 
No. 4-0. "League Special." MoidedFace. Brov.'n 
jS'sT-os leather; felt padding; reinforced, laced 
at thumb; patent laced back. . Each, $3.00 
No. 3-Oi "Decker Patent." Brown oak leather ; 
laced back: strau-and-buckle f aster.:::?, S3. 50 
No.OR. "Decker Patent." E;^ s":^;:. leather : 
reinforced, laced at thur;-.b : '..\cf : sck. $2.50 
No. OH. "Handy." Dra!>horsemde face, side 
and finger piece, brown leather back; black lea- 
therbinding. Lacedback; lacedatthumb. $3.00 
No. O. "Interstate." Brown grain leather face, 
sides and finger piece, pearl grain leather back : 
laced at thumb ; patent laced back. Ea. , $3.00 
No. OA. "Inter-City." Large size. Cowhide 
face and finger piece, green leather back, black 
leather side piece. Red leather binding, leather 

lace. Laced back ' Each, $2.50 

No. IS. "Athletic." Smokedhorsehidefaceand 
r.nger piece, brown leather side piece and back : 
lacedback. Special paMng. / Ea:".:. $2.00 
No. IR. "Semi-Pro." Black leatarr; rein- 
forced, laced at thumb: laced back. Each, $2.00 
No. IX. "Trade League." Face and nnger 
prece buff colored, black back and side. piece: 
leather lace: laced-back. . . ". Each. $2.00 
No. IC. "Back-Stop." Gray leather face and 
finger piece; brown leather side and back; 
laced at thumb: laced back. . Each, $L50 
No. ID. "Champion." Black leather face, 
back, and finder piece, brov.-n leather side. 
Padded; lacedliack.- . . . -. Each, $1.50 
No. lA. "Catcher." Oak tanned face._ back 
and finger piece. black leather side piece. Laced 
back; lacedatthumb, . . . Each, $1.25 
No. 2C. "Foul Tip." Oak leather. . Padded; 
lacedatthumb; back full laced. Each, $1.00 
No. 2R. "Association." Black smooth tanned 
leather face, back and finger piece: tan leather 
sides: padded; laced back. . . Each. $1.00 
No. 3. "Amateur." Oak tanned face, back and 
finger piece. Laced thumb, latea :;a:h. Ea..75c. 
No. 3R. "Interscholastic." Biaci-: ie:.:':e: f a:T, 
back and fmger piece, sides of brovT. iT:-:her; 
padded; laced at thumib. . . . r.a:h. 73c. 
No. .4. "Public School." Large size. Face, 
fingerpieceand back brovrn oak tanned leather ■ 
padded; reinforced, lacedatthumb. Ea., 50c. 
No. 5. "-Boys' Delight." Face and finger piece 
of special brov.-n oak tanned leather: canvas 
back; laced thumb: v,-ell padded. Each. 25c. 
No. 6. "Boys' Choice." Eronn: oak tanned 
leather face: pa: :;r:;' i:.:e:; ::: :n:b, Each. 25c. 

A.U Styles Made in R.;rls and L_r'';, V,hen Ordenr.g foT Left 




No. 3-0 




No. ZC 



PROMPT ilTE.NTiON 6l\fE» 
TCftNY COkSMUNICATiOHS 

mmm to tis 



A.G.SPALDIN< 

STORES IN ALL 



><SlBROS. 

RGECITIES. 



COWPLETl LIST Of STO^ffi 
CIIN^IDiEraKTCOy!! 
OFTtillBOOr 



Pncw in ejff^cc! January 5, 191.^. Subject lo change utihoul nc.' ce. Fo-r Canad' ~ "tica *« sfxac! Concdian Cctalegue. 



I 



SKMSPAIDING 




TIIADE:IIM|lK™S5ff 




No 2MF 



Spalding ^9«^«. Basemen's Mitts 

No. ABX. "StickHjn-the-Hand." Calfskin. Leather 

lace; strap at back Each, $5.00 

No. AAX. "First Choice." Broken-In Model, Special 
leather. King Patent Felt Padding. Each, $5.00 
No. AXX. *' Good Fit." Selected brown calfskin, 
bound with black leather. Leather lacing. Ea.,$4.00 
No. BXS. "League Special." Selected brown calf- 
skin, bound with brown leather. Leather lacing. 
Leather strap support at thumb. I Each, $4.00 
No. AXP. "^H!*¥*s^pPP^s-" White buck. Leather 
lacing. King Patent Felt Padding.- Each, $4.00 
No.BXP." woRLD^sER|Es."Calfskin; leather lacing. 
Strap thumb. King Patent Felt Padding. Ea.,$4.00 
No. CO. "Professional." Olive calfskin, specially- 
treated. Padded; leather laced, except heel. $3.00 
No. ex. " Semi-Pro." Face of smoke color leather, 
backof brown Jaced, except heel; padded. Ea.,$2.50 
No.CD. "RedOak." Brown leather, red leather bind- 
ing. Laced, except thumb and heel Eaeh, $2.50 
No. CXR. "Amateur." Black calfskin face, black 
leather back and hning. Padded; Jaced. Ea., $2.00 
No. CXS. "Amateur." Special brown grained 
leather. Padded; laced, except at heel. Each, $2.00 
No. DX. "Double Play." Oak tanned, laced, except 
at heel. Nicely padded. .... Each, $1.50 
No. EX. "League Jr." Black smooth leather, laced all 
around, except at heel. Suitably padded. Ea. , $ 1 .00 

All Mitts described above, patented Aug. 10, 1910; 
King Patent Padding, patented June 28,^1910, 

"League Extra" Pitchers* and Basemen's Mitt 

No. IF. Face of special tanned leather, balance of 
brown calfskin. Without hump. Laced all around. 
Strap-and-buckle fastening. . . . Each, $3.50 

Spalding Fielders' Mitts 

No. 2MF. "League Special," Brown calfskin face 
and back; extra full thumb, leather web'; leather 

lined Each, $3.00 

No. 5MF. *' Professional." Tanned olive leather, 
padded with felt; leather finger separations; leather 
lined; full thumb, leather web. . . Each, $2.00 
No, 6MF. "Semi-Pro" "White tanned buckskin; 
leather finger separations; leather lined; large 
thumb, well padded, leather web. ' . Each, $1.50 
No. 7MF. "Amateur." Pearl colored leather; 
leather finger separations; -padded; leather lined; 
thumb with leather web. .... Each, $1.00 
No. 8F. "Amateur." Black tanned smooth lea- 
ther; padded; leather lined; reinforced and laced at 
thumb. Strap-and-buckle fastening. Each, $1.00 
No. 9F. "League Jr." Boys'. Oak tanned leather, 
padded, reinforced and laced at thumb. Each, 50c. 

All Styles Made in Rights and Lefts. When Ordering for Left 
Handed Pl-yers Specify "Full Right." ' 



PROMPT ATTEKTIOH SIVEM 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO PS 



A.G.SPALDING &BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPIETE LIST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 
Of THIS BOOK 



I ef eel January 5, I9f,'4. I Subject to change wii} notice. Fnr CannJian tric^ fee special Canadian Catalogue. 




No. 



No. 

SS 




No. 
2XR 

Gloves described on this page ■ 
Finger, which can be cut out ^ 



SPALDING INFIELDERS' GLOVES 

No, VXL. "Just Right." Er 



treaiea to ne.^' r. 
Full leathd \ ' 
Felt Paddinc 
SXL. I'AlI.Players'/ 

Patei:VFe:VpJdd'r?i;;^ 

AAl. "WORLD SERIES" 



No, BBl. 



o-.vn ca.tsriin, specially 
/•ers break glove into 
'A cited seai7t5. King 
. . . Each, $5,00 
; k_en-Jn" style: special- 
XeeJ.s no breaking- in, 
b inest quality ma- 
; lined. Welted seams, 
. Each, $5.00 
'Professional model. 
:ecislly treated to help 
e, Very little padding. 
One of the most poLrjlar 
.... Each, $4.00 
Professional modelr 
:;n by successful National 
iers, Good v.idth and 
.gbcut, Welted seam.s, 
. Each. $4.00 
e of the greatest 
all-around stvle 
Best buckskin. 
. ^Each. $4.00 
:kskin. Hea\ily 
Extra long to 
?ean:s. Ea.,$3.50 
alfskin. Highest 
No. PXL. Full 
. Each, $3.50 
Same as in PXL. 
tent Tjlavers who 
Ea ,$3.00 
tlfskin. Pad- 
'ist. Hidiest 
ned. Welted 
Each, $3.00 

Xo, 2\V. "Minor Leag-ue." Smoked horse hide, Pro- 
Padding! Is7n Xos! SXLrVXL'ai:^'"iBir' Welted 



WORLD SERIES " 

Finest'bucuskim Wo5 
and American League innel 
length. -Leather lined throughtut, 
Kins- Patent Felt Paddine(;.k;/ . 
Xo, SS. "Leaguer."^Designed by or 

Welted seams!'" ^I^at Iter k^ 

No, PXL. '•Professional." Finest bv 

Xo. RXL, "League Extra." Eback cal 

Xo rPX,' ' "Prof essbnVl."" ^ But k 

X j, XW'L. "League Special." Tanned c 
cua'ity v.-trkmanship. Full leather 1 



seam.s 

No. 2XR.* "inter:City." Black calfskin 
style. _ Specially padded little finger: L 

N , 2 X . "League." T a r. e :; ]: r o r 1 c 1 

lined 

No. 2Y. "Intematiorral." Smtked ho 
fessional style. Padded little ^ucer: d. 



Yo 



"Professional Jr." 

made regularly with \\ eb of leather "betwe 



Eaek, $3.00 

"'"Eacir$^^50 
trod grain lea- 
rams. Leather 
Each. $2.50 
■•sehlde. Pro- 

b" Evil's 2. 50 
^- Professional 
Same as PXL 
ns, Ea..S2.50 

Tib and "First 



if r 



t requ 



with our diverted seam (PAIEMlD MARCH 10 1908 

the durabil:ty of th-- gloves. 
All Styles Made in Rights and Lefts. When Ordering for Left Handed Pla; 



All Spalding Infielders- Gloves are made 
fingers, adding considerably to 



Specifj- -Full Right." 



PRCMPT mENTlON GIVEN I 
TOthY COMM'jfiiCATlONS' 
ADDhESSEDTO ilS 



A.G.SmLDING & BROS. 

STORES \k LARQE CITIES 



COWPLETELIST OFSTORtS 
OH INSIDE FBCTNT COVER 
OF THIS BDO( 



1914 Subject lo chonse ur.hout i 



for Canadian prices f<e jpec.-u/ CcroJun Ccldo^tji 




TftADE-MARKTuffif 



SPALDING INFIELDERS' GLOVES 

No. 4X. "Association." Brown leather, specially 
treated to make it pliable. Padded little finger; leather 
strap at thumb. Welted seams. Leather lined. $2.00 
No.3X. "Semi-Pro." Gray buck leather. Large model. 
Padded; welted seams. laeather lined. Each, $2.00 
No. 3XR. "Amateur." Black leather. Padded; extra 
large thumb; welted seams. Leather Hned. Ea.,$2.00 
No. XL. "Club Special." Special white- tanned lea- 
ther. Correctly padded on professional model. Welted 

seams. Full leather lined Each, $1.50 

No. XLA. "Either Hand." Worn on right or left 
hand. Special white tanned leather. Correctly pad- 
ded. Welted seams. Full leather lined. Each, $1.50 
No. II. "Match." Professional style. Special tanrie'd 
olive colored leather throughout. Welted seams. 
Correctly padded. Full leather lined. Each, $1.50 
No. ML. "DiaAiond." Special model, very popular. 
Smoked sheepskin.padded. Full leather lined. Ea.,$1.50 
No. XS. "Practice." Velvet tanned leather. Welted 
seams; inside hump. Full leather lined. Each, $1.25 
No. 15. "Regulation." Men's size. Brown leather, 
padded. Welted seams.-' Palm leather lined. Ea.,$1.00 
No. 15R. "Regulation." Men's size, Black leather, 
padded; inside hump. Palm leather Hned. Ea.,$1.00 
No. 10. "Mascot." Men's size. Olive leather, pad- 
ded. Popular model. Palm leather lined. Ea., $1.00 
No. X. Men's size. Oak tanned brown leather. Pro- 
fessional model. Leather strap at thumb; padded. 
Welted seams. Leather lined. .. . ; Each, $1.00 
No. XB. "Boys' Special." Professional style. Special 
white leather. Welted seams. Leather lined. Ea.,$1.00 
No. 12. "Public School." Full size. White chrome lea- 
ther, padded; inside hump. Palm leather lined. Ea.,75c. 
No. 12R. "League Jr." Full size. Special black 
tanned leather. Lightly padded, but extra long; palm 
leather lined. Welted seams. Inside hump. Ea., 75c. 
No. 16. '"Junior." Full size. White chrome leather, 
padded; extra long. Palm leather lined. Each, 50c. 
No. 13. "Interscholastic." Youths'. Oak tanned 
brown leather. Professional model, leather web at 
thumb; padded. Welted seams. Leather lined. Ea-.,75c. 
No. 16W. "Star." Full size. White chrome leather. 
Welted seams; padded. Palm leather lined. Ea, 50c. 
No. 14. "Boys' Amateur." Youths' professional style. 
Special tanned white leather, padded; inside hump. 

Palm leather lined ; . . Each, 50c. 

No. 17. "Youths.'" Good size. Brown smooth leather. 
Padded; inside hump. Palm leather lined. Each, 50c. 
No. 18. "Boys' Own." Oak tanned leather. Padded; 
inside hump. Palm leather lined. . . Each, 25.c. 
No. 20. "Boys' Favorite." Oak tanned. Properly 
padded. Palm leather lined Each, 25c. 

Gloves described on this page are made regularly with Web of leather "between Thumb and First 
Finger, which can be cut out very easily if not required. All Spalding Infielders' Gloves are made 
with our diverted seam (PATENTED MARCH 10, 1S08) between fingers, adding considerably to 

-.the durability of the gloves.^ 
All Styles Made in Rights and Lefts. When Ordering for Left Handed Players Specify "Full Right." 



I 




PROMPT AnENTION GiVENl 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
ADDRESSED TO OS 



A. G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL bARtSE CmES 



ICOMPLETEUST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FROKT GOYER 
OF THIS BOOK 



T^rices in effect January 3, 1914, Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. 



i 



SSTHESPALDING 




TRADE-MARK 



GUARANTEES 
flUAUTY 









SPALDING BASE BALL MASKS 

Spalding '^93}'H f^W^^ " Open Vision Mask 

No. lO-OW. Special welded frame, including- wirei ear guard 
and circular opening in front. Has best features' of mask man- 
ufacture. Weight is as light as consistent with absolute safety; 
padding conforms to face with comfort. , . . Each,. $5.00 

Spalding Open Visio^ "^E^i^ml'?^ "^^^J^i"?,^^*^ Framie Mask 

No. 8-0. Heavily padded, specially soldered and reinforced 
frame of special steel wire, heavy black finish. Carefully rein- 
forced with hard solder at joining points. This feature of 
maximum strength, together with our patented open vision, 
has the special endorsement of the greatest catchers in -the 
National and American Leagues. . .... ... . Each, $5.00 

Spalding "Special Soldered" Masks 

No. 6-0. Each crossing of wires heavily soldered. Extra heavy 
;vire frame, black. finished; continuous style padding with soft 
chin-pad; special elastic head band. . . ■ . . Each, $4.00 

Spalding Open Vision Umpires' Mask 
No. 5-0. Open vision frame. Has neck protecting attachment 
and. a special ear protection; nicely padded. Safest and most 

convenient Each, $5.00 

Spalding " Sun Protecting " Mask 
No. 4-0. Patent molded leather sun-shade, protectmg eyes 
without obstructing view. Finest heavy steel wire, black finish. 
Fitted with soft chin-pad, improved design; hair-filled pads, in- 
cluding forehead pad and special elastic head-band. Each, $4.00 

Spalding "Neck Protecting" Mask 
No, 3-0. Neck protecting arrangement affords positive protec- 
tion to the neck. Finest steel wire, extra heavy black finish; 
comfortable pads and ^special' elastic head-strap. Each, $3.50 

Spalding "Semi-Pro" League Mask 
No. O-P. Extra heavy best black annealed steel wire. Special 
continuous style side pads, leather covered; special forehead 
and chin-pads; elastic head-band Each. $2.50 

Spalding "Regulation League" Maisks 
No." 2-0. Extra heavy best black annealed steel wire. Full 
length side pads of improved design, and soft forehead and 

chin-pad; special elastic head-band Each, $2.00 

No. O-X. Men's size. Heavy soft annealed steel wire, black 
finish. Improved leather covered pads, including forehead pad; 
molded leather chin-strap. Special elastic head-band. Each, $1.50 
No. OXB. Youths' m.ask. Black finish, soft annealed steel wire. 
Continuous soft side padding, forehead and chin-pad. Each, $ 1 .50 
No. A. Men's. Black enameled steel wire, leather covered 
pads, forehead and chin-pad. ....... Each, $1.00 

No. B. Youths'. Black enameled steel wire, and similar in 

quality to No. A, but smaller in size Each, $1.00 

No. C. Black enameled; pads covered with leather, wide elas- 
tic head-strap, leather strap-and-buckle. . . . Each, 50c. 
No. D. Black enameled. Smaller than No. C. Substantial for 
boys Each. 25c^ 



PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN 
TO^ANY COMMUNICATIONS' 
ADDRESSED TtlUS 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



ICOMPLETEUST OF STORES 
ON INSIDE FRONT COVER 
• OF THIS mi 



Pdcu in effect January 5. 191 Suijcct to change without notice. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Catalogue. 



SKTHESPALDIi 




TRADE-MARK 



GUARANTEES 
QUAUTY 



SPALDING base: BALL UNIFORMS 

Complete Color Sample Book mailed, on application, to einy team captain or memager, together with 
Measurement Blank and full instructions for measuring players for uniforms. 

Spalding Uniform No. O. . Single Suit, $15.00 d»1 O CA 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team Suit, «pl^«Ovf 

Spalding " Uniform No. OA. Single Suit, $14.00 1 1 CA 

Net price to clabs ordering for Entire Team. . . . ^ Suit, * l«Ov/ 

Sjialding "League" Uniform No. 1 Single Suit, $12.50 -i /\ /\/\ 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. .... Suit, IV/.UV/ 

Spalding "League" Uniform No. lA. . .■ . Single Suit, $11.50 Q AA 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team Suit, */.Uv 

Spalding "Interscholastic" Uniform No. 2. . . Sifigle Suit, $9.00 rr zLfX 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. . . . Suit, • •%j\J 

Spalding "Minor League" Uniform No. M. . Single Suit, $9.00 t^f\ 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. . . . Suit, ^ •OKJ 

Spalding "City League" Uniform No. W. . . Single Suit, $7.50 r* r\f\ 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team • Suit, O.UU 

Spalding "Club Special" Uniform No. 3. . . Single Suit, $6.00 [- r\rk 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team Suit, 0*\}\J 

Spalding "Amateur Special" Uniform No. 4. . Single Suit, $4.00 o 

Net price to clubs ordering for Entire Team. . . . Suit, O.OU 

Spalding "Junior" Uniform No. 5. .... . Single Suit, $3.00 o CA 

Net price to clubs ordering nine or more uniforms. . . - Suit, ^•Ovl 

SpaJding " Youths' " Uniform No. 6. Good quality Gray material -l f\f\ 

No larger sizes than 30-in. waist and ■34-in. chest. . . Complete, * •^vF 

ABOVE UNIFORMS CONSIST OF SHIRT,, PANTS, CAP. BELT AND STOCKINGS. 

SPALDING BASE BALL SHOES 

No. FW. "^*r'*^[Ps f 'off Kan- 
garoo uppers, white oak soles. Hand 
sewed; stfjctly bench made. Lea- 
ther laces Pair, $7.00 

Owing to the lightness and fineness of this 
shoe, it is suitable only for the fastest players, 
but as a light weight durable shoe for general 
use we recommend No. 30-3. 

Sizes and Weights of No. FW Shoes 
Size of Shoes : 5 6 7 8 9 
Weight per pair: 18 18^ 19 20 21 oz. 

No. 30-S. "Sprinting." Kangaroo uppers, white oak soles. Built on our running 
shoe last. Lightweight. Hand sewed; bench made. Leather laces. Pair, $7.00 
No. O. "Club Special." Selected satin calfskin, substantially made. High point 
carefully tempered carbon steel plates hand riveted to heels and soles. Pair, $5.00 
No. OS. "Club Special" Sprinting. Similar to No. 0, but made with sprinting 

style flexible soles. (Patented May 7, 1912) Pair, $5.00 

No. 35. "Amateur Special." Leather, machine sewed. High point carefully tem- 
pered carbon steel plates hand riveted to heels and soles. Pair, $3.50 * $39. 00 Dvz. 
No. 37. "Junior." Leather; regular base ball shoe last. Plates hand riveted to heels 
and soles. Excellent for the money but not guaranteed. Pair, $2.50 * $27.00 Doz. 

Juvenile Base Ball Shoes 
No. 38. Made on special boys' size lasts. Good quality material throughout and 
steel plates. Furnished in boys' sizes, 12 to 5, inclusive, only,- . . Pair, $2.00 

Spalding "Dri-Foot" prolongs the life of the shoes. Can, 15c. 

The prices pruifed in italics opposite items marked with iL'ill be quoted .only on orders for one-half 
dozen pairs or more at one titne. Ouanlity prices NO T all^u-'ed on items SOT marked wiih i 




PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN | 
TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS 
AODRESSED TO US 



A.G.SPALDING &BROS. 

STOBES. IN ALLJjiVR&E CITIES 



ICOMPinEUST OF STORES 
i OttlNSIDE FRONT COVER 
i OFTHISBOOl 



Pnc« in effect January 5, 1914. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prices xe special Canadian Catalogue, 



CAUTION BASE MlT BOYS 

Because of your youth and inexperience, advantage is frequently taken 
of you base ball boys, by the so-called "Just as Good" dealer, who tries 
to palm off on you some of his "Just as Good" Base Ball goods, ma(?^ 
especially for him by the "Just as Good" manufacturer, when you caL 
for the Spalding goods. You are cautioned not to be deceived by this 
"Just as Good" combination, for when you get onto the field you will 
find these "Just as Good" Balls, Bats, Mitts, etc., will not stand the 
wear and punishment of the genuine Spalding articles. Remember that 
Spalding Goods are standard the world over, and are used by all the lead- 
ing clubs and players. These "Just as Good" manufacturers endeavor to 
copy the Spalding styles, adopt the Spalding 'descriptive matter and Spald- 
ing list prices, and then try to see how very cheap and sho^T they can 
make the article, so the "Just as Good" dealer can work off these imi- 
tations on the unsuspecting boy. 

Don't be deceived by the attractive 25 to 40 per cent, discount that 
may be offered you. for remember that their printed prices are arranged 
for the special purpose of misleading you and to enable the "Just as 
Good" dealer to offer you this special discount bait. This "discount" 
pill that the "Just as Good" dealer asks you to swallow is sugar coated 
and covered up by various catchy devices, that are well calculated to 
deceive the inexperienced boy, who will better understand These tricks of 
the trade as he grows older. Eemember that all Spalding Athletic Goods 
are sold at the established printed prices, and no dealer is permitted to 
sell them at a greater or less price. Special discounts on Spalding Goods 
are unknown. Everybody is treated alike. This policy persistently 
adhered to makes it possible to maintain from year to year the high 
quality of Spalding Athletic Goods, which depend for their sale on Spald- 
^ing Quality, backed by the broad Spalding Guarantee, and not on any 
deceiving device like this overworked and fraudulent "Discount" scheme 
adopted by all of the "Just as Good" dealers. 

Occasionally one of these "Just as Good" dealers will procure some 
of the Spalding well known red boxes, place them in a showy place on 
his shelves, and "^'hen Spalding Goods are called for. will take from these 
Spalding boxes one of the "Just as Good" things, and try to palm it off 
on the boy as a genuine Spalding article. When you go into a store and 
ask for a Spalding article, see to it that the Spalding Trade-Mark is on 
that article, and if the dealer tries to palm off on you something "Just 
as Good," politely bow yourself out and go to another store, where the 
genuine Spalding article can be procured. 

In purchasing a genuine Spalding Athletic article, you are protected 
by the broad Spalding Guarantee, which reads as follows: 

We Guarantee to each purchaser of an article hearing the 
Spalding Trade-Mark that such article will give satisfaction and 
a reasonable amount of service, when used for the purpose for 
which it was intended and under ordinary condAtions and fair 
treatment. 

We Agree to repair or replace, free of charge, any such article 
which proves defective in material or workmanship when subjected 
to fair treatment; PROVIDED, such defective article is returned 
to us, transportation prepaid, within thirty days after purchase 
{except where otherwise stipulated on special guarantee tag attached 
to^ certain articles), and accompanied by a letter from the user, 
giving his name and address and explaining the claim. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 
Beware of the "Just as Good" manufacturer, who makes "pretty" 
Athletic Goods (as if they were for use as an ornament) at the expense 
of "fjuality." in order to deceive the dealer; and beware of the substi- 
tute-dealer who completes the 
fraud by offering the 
"Just as Good" ar- 
ticle when Spalding 
Goods are asked for. 




SKTHE SPALDING 




TRADEcMARHiai^ 



Spalding 
New Athletic Goods Catalogue 

The following selection of items from Spalding's latest Catalogue will give 
an idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufactured by 
A. G. SPALDING & BROS. // SEND FOR A FREE COPY, 



SEE LIST OF SPALDING STORE ADDRESSES ON INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK 



Archery 
Ash Bar3 
Athletic Library 
Attachra'ts, Chest Weight 



iCacldy Badges 

Caps- 
Base Ball 
University 
Water Polo 

Center Forks. Iron 

Center Straps. _CanVaS 

Chest Weights 

Circle, Seven-Foot 

Clock Golf 

Corks, Running 

Covers, Racket 

Cricket Goods 

Croquet Goods 

Pross Bars . 



Sags- 
Bat 

Bathing Suit 

Caddy 

Cricket 

Striking 

Tennis 

Uniform 
Balls- 
Base 

Basket 

Cricket 

Field Hockey 

Golf 

Hand 

Indoor 

Medicine 

Playground 

Squash 

Tennis 

Volley 

Water Polo 
Ball Cleaner. Golf 
Bandages, Elastic 
Bar Bells 
Bars. Horizontal 
Bases — 

Base Ball 

Indoor 
Bathing Suits 
Bats- 
Base Ball 

Cricket 

Indoor 
catting Cage, Base Ball 
Belts- 
Leather and Worsted 
Bladders- 
Basket Ball 

Striking Bag 
Blades. Fencing 



Discs — 

Marking, Golf 
Discus, Olympic 
Discs, Striking Bag 
Dumb Bells 



Emblems 
Embroidery 
Equestrian Polo 



Felt Letters 

Fencing Sticks 

Field Hockey 

Finsrer Protection 

Flags- 
College 
Marking Golf 

Foils, Fencing 

Glasses, Base Ball Sun 

Gloves- 
Base Ball 
Boxing 
Cricket 
Fencing 
Golf 

Hand Ball 

Glove Softener 

Goals — 
Basket Ball 

Golf Clubs 

Golf Counters 

Golfette 

Grips- 
Athletic 
Golf 

Gut Preservative, Tennis; 
Guy Ropes and Pegs ^ 
Gym'm Suits. Women's 



Hammers, Athletic. 
Handle Cover, Rubber 
Hangers for Indian Clubd 
Hats, University 
Health Pull 
Hob Nails 
Hole Cutter, Golf 
Hole Rim, Golf 
Hurdles, Safety 
Hurley Goods 



Indian Clubs 
Inflaters— 
Striking Bag 



Jackets, Fencing 

Javelins. 

Jerseys 



Knee Protectors 

Lacrosse 
Lanes for Sprints 
Lawn Bowls 
Leg Gucirds— 

Base Ball 

Cricket 

Field Hockey 
Leotards 
JLetters— 

Embroidered 

Felt 

Liniment 



Posts- 
Backstop, Tennis 
Lawn Tennis 

Protectors- 
Abdomen 
Base Ball Body 
Indoor Base Ball 
Thumb 

Pulleys and Axle, Tennis 

Push Ball 

Pushers, Chamois 

Puttees, Golf 



Quoits 



Mallets- 
Cricket 
Croquet 
Equestrian Polo 
Roque 

Markers. Tennis 

Masks- 
Base Ball 
Fencing 

Mattresses 

Megaphones 

Mitts- 
Base Ball 
Hand Ball 
Striking Bag 

Monograms 

Mufflers. Knitted 

Nets- 
Cricket 
Golf Driving 
Tennis . 
Volley Ball 

Numbers, Compefltora 



Pads- 
Chamois, Fencing 
Sliding. Base Ball 
Wrestling 

Paint. Golf 

Pants- 
Base Ball 
Bathing, Knee 
Boys' Knee 
Running 

Pennants, College 

Pistol, Starters" 

Plastrons, Fencing 

Plates- 
Base Ball Shoe 
Home 

Marking, Tennis 

Pitchers Box 

Pitchers Toe 

Teeing, Golf 
Platforms, Striking Bag 
Poles, Vaulting 
Polo, Equestrian 
Polo. Roller. Goods 



Racket Covers 
Racket Presses 
Rackets, Lawn Tennis 
Rackets Restrung 
Racks Golf Ball 
Rapiers 

Reels for Tennis Poets 
Referees' Whistle 
Rings- 
Exercising 
Swinging 
Roque 

Ro\ying Machines 



Sacks, for Sack Racing 

Sandow Dumb Bells 

Score Books- 
Base Ball 
Basket Ball 
Cricket 
Golf , 
Tennis 

Score Tablets, Base Ball 

Shirts- 
Athletic 
Base Ball 

Shoes- 
Base Ball 
Basket Ball 
Bowling 

Shoes- 
Clog 
Cricket 
Cross Country 
Fencing 
Golf 

Gymnasium 
Jumping 
Outing 
Running 
Squash 
Tennis 
Walking 
Shot- 
Athletia 
Indoor 



Skate Rollers 

Skates, Roller, 

Slippers, Bathing 

Squash Goods 

Stemdards— 
Vaulting 
Volley Ball 

Straps- 
Base Ball 

For Three-Leggftd 

Spikes, Cricket 

Steel Cable. Tennis N« 

Sticks, Polo 

Stockings . 

Stop Boards 

Striking Bags 

Stumps emd Ballt 

Suits — ■ 
Gymna'm, Wo_m» ♦ 
Swimming 

Supporters- 
Ankle 

, Wrist 

Sus{»ns6ries 

Sweat Band 

Sweaters 

Swivels, Striking B«f 
Swords — 

Duelling 

Fencing 



Take-Otf Boatel 

Tape — 

' Adhesive 
Cricket, Measunftf 
Marking, Tennis 
Measuring Steel 

Tees, Golf 

Tether Tennis 

Tights- 
Athletic 
Full 

Full, Wresding 
Knee 
Toe Boards 

Trousers, Y.M.CA 

Trunks- 
Bathing 
Velvet 
Worsted 



Umpire Indicator 
Uniforms, Base BaQ 



Wands, CalistheniQ 
Watches, Stop 
Water Wings 
Weights, 56-!b. 
Whistle*. Refere*» 
Wrestling EquipmeK 
Wrist Machines 



I PI8MPT ATTENTION 6IVENT0| 
ANY COHNUNICATIONS^ 
' AODBESSEDTODS 



A.G.SPALDING & BROS. 

STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES 



FOR COMPLETE ilST OF STORQ 
^SEE INSIDE FRONT COYEI 
OFTHI^BOOI 



Pwet m effect January 5. 1914. Subject to change wiUjou^oUcS^o^aSSTJIri^ 



standard Policy 



A Standard Qyality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. 

Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a 
Manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Qyality. 

To market his goods through a jobber, a manufacturer must provide a 
profit for the jobber as well as for the retail dealer. To meet these conditions 
of DucJ Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list 
price on his goods to the consumer. 

To enable the- glib salesnian, when booking his orders, to figure out 
attractive profits to /ioth the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are 
absolutely essential; but Jheir real purpose will have been served when the 
manufacturer has secured his order fi'om the jobber, and the jobber has secured 
his order from the retailer. 

However, these deceptive high list p-ices are not fair to the consumer, who 
does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. 

When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading 
but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his^ responsibilities, and 
grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," 
which vary with local trade conditions. 

Under this system of merchcindising, the profits to both the manufacturer 
and the jobber are assured ; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices 
to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably 
leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are 
practically eliminated. 

This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. The jobber insists 
on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer, in his turn, meets this 
demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz.: the cheap- 
ening and degrading of the quality of his product. 

The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that 15 years ago, in 1899, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic 
Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as *' The Spalding 
Policy." 

The '* Spalding Policy " eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding 
Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures the supply of Spalding 
Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer by which the retail dealer is 
assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and 
the consumer is assured a Standard Qyality and is protected from imposition. 

The " Spalding Policy " is decidedly for the interest and protection of the 
users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways : 

I^'irst.— The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods 
and the seime prices to everybody. 

Second.— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in 
purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required 
in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their 
respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary 
quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Qyali.y, 

All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are requested to supply 
consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices— neither more nor less— the same 
prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago^ and other stores. 

All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated 
exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. 

This briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful 
operation for the past 1 5 years, and will be indefinitely continued. 

in other words, "The Spalding Policy" is a "square deal" for everybody. 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



By (l^.ljfi^^-'^^^^^- 

PKESIDEWT, Ci< 



standard Quality 



An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby 
conceded to be the criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar 
nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit 
of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, 
and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp 
thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and 
other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service 
Bureau of Elxperts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a 
great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against 
counterfeit products — v^rithout the aid of "Government Detectives'* or "Public 
Opinion" to assist them, 

Consequendy the "Consumer's Protection" against misrepresentation and 
"inferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the 
" Manufacturer." 

A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for 
thirty-eight years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout 
the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the 
U. S. Currency is in its field. 

The necessity of upholding the Guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and 
maintaining the Stemdard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvi- 
ous as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. 

Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other 
consumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade- 
Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic 
Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Elxcellence, by 
insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which 
they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining 
Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. 

Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being 
high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of 
" inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. 

A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold 
and a guarantee to protect must necessarily have higher prices than a manufac- 
turer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis of a claim for Standard Quality 
depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. 

We know from experience hat there is no quicksand more unstable than 
poverty in quality — and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. 





A separate book covers every Athletic Sport 
and is Off icial and Standard 
Price 10 cents each 



GR AND PRl X 




A. G. Spalding ® Bros 

MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in the FOLLOWING CITIES 
NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS 

BOSTON MILWAUKEE KANSAS CITY 

PHILADELPHIA DETROIT SAN FRANCISCO 

NEWARK CINCINNATI LOS ANGELES 

BUFFALO CLEVELAND SEATTLE 

SYRACUSE COLUMBUS PORTLAND 

ROCHESTER INDIANAPOLIS MINNEAPOLIS 
BALTIMORE PITTSBURGH ST. PAUL 



WASHINGTON 
LONDON, ENGLAND 

LIVERPOOL. ENGLAND 
BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND 
MANCHESTER, ENGLAND 
EDINBURGH. SCOTLAND 
GLASGOW, SCOTLAND 



ATLANTA DENVER 
LOUISVILLE DALLAS 
NEW ORLEANS 
MONTREAL. CANADA 
TORONTO, CANADA 
PARIS, FRANCE 
SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA 



Factories owned and operated Jby A.G.Spoldiny 6r Bros, and v^here ell of Spaldtn^j 
Trade -Marked Athtetic Goods are made are located in the follo-^ing cittes 



Nkw YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO CHICOPEEt JHIASS. 
BROOKLYN BOSTON PHIIJU>£tPHlA tONDON» ENG. _ 



